Systematic ICT Surveillance by Employers: Are Your Personal Activities Private?

Abstract

This paper reviews the various methods of information and communications technology (ICT) that is used by employers to peer into the work lives and, in some cases, private lives of employees. Some of the most common methods – such as computer and Internet monitoring, video surveillance, and global positioning systems (GPS) – have resulted in employee disciplines that have been challenged in courts. This paper provides background information on United States (U.S.) laws and court cases which, in this age of easily accessible information, mostly support the employer. Assessments regarding regulations and policies, which will need to be continually updated to include new methods of employee monitoring, are considered. Whether employees are working from an office or home, using personal or company equipment, it is argued that they should be notified of any monitoring. The researcher also suggests that any such monitoring should only be used for business purposes. Future studies on employee satisfaction and productivity, that may identify employees’ tolerance and acceptance of systematic ICT surveillance, are recommended.