• L’organisation internationale de la Francophonie : Instrument de Developpement ou de Dependance

  Dali, Clement Stephane (CODESRIA, 2019-12-13)

  S’interrogeant sur l’encastrement de l’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie dans l’ordre hégémonique mondial, l’article entreprend une analyse de discours de ladite organisation à la fois dans une approche foucaldienne et diachronique et une approche comparative et synchronique. En effet, prendre au sérieux les discours des institutions, notamment dans le cadre postcolonial est un filon heuristique idoine pour dépasser – et non, nécessairement contredire – la sociologie spontanée sécrétée par l’action militante. Nous établissons ainsi une contradiction flagrante entre deux types de discours, d’une part celui qui est produit par l’Organisation de la Francophonie sur la Francophonie et d’autre part celui produit par l’Etat français sur la Francophonie. Lorsque le premier est envisagé sur le mode du vivre ensemble, le second a pour matrice une volonté de dominer dont l’origine est d’essence coloniale. L’article contribue ainsi à alimenter les réflexions sur la refonte et le renouvellement des relations postcoloniales en mettant en cause la pertinence de l’engagement des ex-colonisés dans des dispositifs de pouvoir qui favorisent leur assujettissement.Mots clés: Ordre hégémonique, analyse foucaldienne, cadre postcolonial, Organisation des pays francophones, domination coloniale Questioning the embedding of the International Organization of the Francophonie in the global hegemonic order, the article undertakes a discourse analysis of the organization in both a Foucaldian and diachronic approach and a comparative and synchronic approach. Indeed, taking the institutions’ discourses seriously, especially in the postcolonial framework, is a good heuristic way to go beyond - and not necessarily to contradict - the spontaneous sociology secreted by militant action. We thus establish a flagrant contradiction between two types of discourse, on the one hand that produced by the Organization of the Francophonie on the Francophonie and on the other hand that produced by the French State on the Francophonie. When the first is envisaged on the mode of living together, the second has for matrix a will to dominate whose origin is of colonial essence. The article thus contributes to fueling reflections on the recasting and renewal of postcolonial relations by questioning the relevance of the excolonizeds’ commitment to power systems that favor their subjugation.Key words: Hegemonic order, Foucauldian analysis, postcolonial framework, Organisation of Francophone countries, colonial domination
• The reform of public universities in Tanzania: Governmentality and the exercise of power

  Maduekwe, Catherine Chinenye; Thaver, Beverly (CODESRIA, 2019-12-13)

  In general, African nations, from the mid-20th century onwards, have witnessed an increasing and massive expansion in the university1 sector. By the first decade of the 21st century, as the sector expanded even further, so did the pressure for policy reforms increase from across the globe and the African regions. These reforms were established as instruments for advancing national development, namely, within the trajectory of reducing poverty through sustainable (economic and social) growth. Drawing on the East African nation of Tanzania, this article focuses on the implementation of a policy reform in three public universities. The reform (framed within the policy narrative of strategies for growth and the reduction of poverty), is referenced in Swahili as “Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umaskini”. The dynamics associated with the implementation process are interpreted within the framework of Michel Foucault’s theory of Governmentality which is premised on a particular form and exercise of power relations. In this respect, the article seeks to understand how the reform was drawn upon as a regime of governance, namely, as regulating behaviour in three universities in Tanzania, with specific reference to the mandates of ‘access’ and ‘quality’.Key Words: Universities; Higher Education Institutions; Governmentality; Power; Access; Quality; World Bank; Poverty Reduction; Global Governmentality En général, les pays africains, à partir du milieu du 20e siècle, ont connu une expansion croissante et massive du secteur universitaire. Au cours de la première décennie du 21ème siècle, alors que le secteur se développait encore davantage, la pression en faveur de réformes politiques augmentait dans le monde entier et dans les régions africaines. Ces réformes ont été définies comme des instruments permettant de faire progresser le développement national, à savoir dans la trajectoire de réduction de la pauvreté par une croissance durable (économique et sociale). S’appuyant sur la Tanzanie, pays d’Afrique de l’Est, cet article porte sur la mise en œuvre d’une réforme des politiques dans trois universités publiques. La réforme (inscrite dans le discours politique sur les stratégies de croissance et de réduction de la pauvreté) est appelée en swahili «Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umaskini». Les dynamiques associées au processus de mise en œuvre sont interprétées dans le cadre de la théorie de la gouvernementalité de Michel Foucault, fondée sur une forme et un exercice particuliers des relations de pouvoir. À cet égard, l’article cherche à comprendre comment la réforme a été élaborée en tant que régime de gouvernance, c’est-à-dire en tant que réglementation du comportement dans trois universités en Tanzanie, avec une référence spécifique aux mandats de «l’accès» et de la «qualité».Mots clés: universités; Établissements d’enseignement supérieur; Gouvernementalité; Puissance; Accès; Qualité; Banque mondiale; Réduction de la pauvreté; Gouvernementalité globale.
• De la présence féminine dans la rue : Stratégies d’accession à l’espace public dans un quartier spontané, Ras El Ain – Oran (Algérie)

  Souiah, Mehdi (CODESRIA, 2019-12-13)

  Ras El Ain, un quartier spontané faisant partie de la périphérie pauvre de la ville d’Oran (Algérie), est ici appréhendé comme une aire culturelle (comme diraient les chercheurs de l’Ecole de Chicago). Une aire qui tri ses occupants, et par là « impose » une somme de pratiques et confère des « rôles ». L’homme comme la femme sont autant de rôles sociaux qui s’effectuent et qu’on cultive au quotidien. Ce texte a pour visée donc d’éclairer le rapport de force (de domination) qui s’exerce entre les genres au sein d’un groupe social (habitants du quartier), et ce à travers une analyse du vécu quotidien des femmes (professionnellement inactives, principalement). Dans ce quartier où le poids de la tradition demeure relativement pesant, les femmes usent de stratégies qui leurs permettent d’accéder à l’espace extérieur, soit comment ces femmes négocient-elles leur sortie ? Quels sont les compromis (avec la société et ses traditions) auxquels celles-ci ont recours pour atteindre l’espace public et le pratiquer ?Mots clés : Algérie, femmes, anthropologie urbaine, domination masculine, quartier spontané, stratégie, espace public Ras El Ain, a spontaneous neighborhood part of the poor periphery of the city of Oran (Algeria), is here apprehended as a cultural area (as would say the researchers of the School of Chicago). An area that sort its occupants, and thereby «imposes» a sum of practices and confers «roles». Both men and women are social roles that take place and are cultivated on a daily basis. This text aims to shed light on the balance of power (domination) that is exercised between the sexes within a social group (inhabitants of the neighborhood), and this through an analysis of the daily life of women (professionally inactive, mainly). In this neighborhood where the weight of tradition remains relatively heavy, women use strategies that allow them to access the outdoor space, ie how do these women negotiate their exit? What are the trade-offs (with society and its traditions) that they use to reach the public space and practice it? Keywords: Algeria, women, urban anthropology, male domination, spontaneous neighborhood, strategy, public space
• A Researcher’s Visit to Italy: Human trafficking and the Nigerian-Sicilian Mafias

  Omilusi, Mike (CODESRIA, 2019-12-13)

  This essay interrogates the complex nexus between organized crime and migrants within host countries. It specifically focuses on the surge of irregular migrants crossing the Central Mediterranean to Italy and the emergence of Nigerian criminal gangs who have cemented an ignoble but enduring cord with the Sicilian notorious mafia. This network, which took on a life of its own, has changed the traditional map of organised crime on the Island, defying both regional and global measures. The essay expresses concern on how Sicily intends to stop being “the refugee camp of Europe” through increased repatriations in the face of the financial, logistical and humanitarian implications of such an undertaking.Key Words: Trafficking, Mafia, Migrants, Organised Crime, Sicily Cet essai examine le lien complexe entre le crime organisé et les migrants dans les pays hôtes. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement à l’afflux d’immigrants clandestins traversant la Méditerranée centrale en direction de l’Italie et à l’émergence de gangs criminels nigérians qui ont cimenté un lien ignoble mais durable avec la mafia notoire de Sicile. Ce réseau, qui a pris son essor, a modifié la carte traditionnelle du crime organisé sur l’île, défiant toute mesure à la fois régionale et mondiale. L’essai exprime l’inquiétude de savoir comment la Sicile entend cesser d’être «le camp de réfugiés de l’Europe» en augmentant le nombre de rapatriements, compte tenu des implications financières, logistiques et humanitaires d’une telle entreprise.Mots-clés: traite, mafia, migrants, crime organisé, Sicile
• Transition énergétique et mouvements sociaux à Abidjan : une analyse dialectique des perceptions de la population abidjanaise face à la politique étatique de distribution d’ampoules à basse consommation

  Djane, Kabran Aristide (CODESRIA, 2019-12-13)

  La question de la transition écologique a fondamentalement restructuré la démarche de production des énergies de consommation de masse dans différents pays développés ; cependant, elle reste une question non encore approfondie tant dans la sphère politique que dans les structures scientifiques, même si des élans commencent à se manifester. On prendrait ainsi pour exemple, le colloque de l’Université Cheick Anta Diop, sur la « ville intelligente » en Novembre 2017 qui a permis de réfléchir sur la question des nouvelles approches de consommation d’énergies dans les villes africaines. Au demeurant, l’expérience ivoirienne nous invite à questionner les perceptions des consommateurs abidjanais et leurs attitudes vis-à-vis de la politique publique de distribution des ampoules LED, dit à basse consommation. En effet, en durant l’année 2012 à 2014, le gouvernant ivoirien a entamé avec l’appui de la banque mondiale, et de la compagnie d’électrification, une opération de remplacement des ampoules internes au ménage par des ampoules LED. Mais contre toute attente, les consommateurs ont vu leur facture de consommation, grimper. Cette situation a développé une vague de contestation populaire auprès des consommateurs. Notre production ambitionne d’analyser au regard de la théorie de l’action collective d’Alain Touraine par une démarche dialectique et historiciste, les résistances sociales africaines et les dynamiques de transformation cognitive permettant l’appropriation des politiques sur la transition énergétique par la base. Une enquête mixte sur 217 ménages de la ville d’Abidjan sur la question a permis de saisir la structuration analytique des perceptions et dynamique d’attitudes collectives face à la politique sur la transition énergétique en Côte d’Ivoire.Mots clés  : Transition énergétique, Mouvements sociaux, Perceptions, Politique étatique, Côte d’Ivoire The question of ecological transition has fundamentally restructured the process of producing mass consumption energies in various developed countries; nevertheless, it remains a question not yet deepened both in the political sphere and in the scientific structures, even if impulses begin to manifest themselves. An example of this is the Cheikh Anta Diop University Symposium on the “Smart City” in November 2017, which allowed us to reflect on the question of new approaches to energy consumption in African cities. Moreover, the Ivorian experience invites us to question the perceptions of the consumers of Abidjan and their attitudes towards the public policy of distribution of LED bulbs, said to low consumption. Indeed, during the year 2012 to 2014, the Ivorian government began with the support of the World Bank, and the electrification company, an operation to replace household light bulbs with LED bulbs. But against all odds, consumers have seen their consumption bill climb. This situation has developed a wave of popular protest among consumers. Our production aims to analyze, in the light of Alain Touraine’s theory of collective action, a dialectical and historicist approach, African social resistance and the dynamics of cognitive transformation allowing the appropriation of policies on the energy transition from the ground up. A mixed survey of 217 households in the city of Abidjan on this issue allowed us to grasp the analytical structuring of perceptions and the dynamics of collective attitudes towards the energy transition policy in Côte d’Ivoire.Keywords : Energy transition, Social movements, Perceptions, State policy, Côte d’Ivoire
• Transition from shacks to formal human settlements – Social cohesion in Mt Moriah in the metropolitan area of Durban, South Africa

  Khan, Sultan (CODESRIA, 2019-12-13)

  The transition from shack to formal human settlements can be very traumatic. It means abandoning old habits, lifestyles, relationships and forming new ones. The extent to which those that have been relocated to new settlements adjust and adapt to new forms of community life would be determined by the nature and extent of social cohesion prevalent in that community. A lack of social cohesion within resettled communities makes it prone to various forms of social disorganisation which manifests itself in a variety of social problems. The study was informed by 150 interviews with respondents selected in the different precincts of the study locality using a non-probability sampling technique. In the case of Mt Moriah, a formal human settlement it was more than a decade that residents from a number of shack settlements in the city have been resettled in this locality. It appears from the study that overtime the residents of Mt Moriah have settled down to community and family life and enjoy a strong sense of social cohesion despite many challenges surrounding service delivery and the emergence of social problems. This study highlights that a significant number of members of the community have a sense of belonging in the locality and are aspiring towards bettering their quality of life. Key words: Shacks, Formal Human Settlements, Social Cohesion, Relocation, ResettlementLa transition de la cabane aux établissements humains formels peut être très traumatisante. Cela signifie abandonner les vieilles habitudes, les modes de vie, les relations et en créer de nouvelles. La nature et l’étendue de la cohésion sociale prévalant dans cette communauté détermineront dans quelle mesure ceux qui ont été réinstallés dans de nouveaux quartiers s’ajusteront et s’adapteront à de nouvelles formes de vie en communauté. Un manque de cohésion sociale au sein des communautés réinstallées la rend vulnérable à diverses formes de désorganisation sociale se traduisant par une variété de problèmes sociaux. L’étude s’est appuyée sur 150 entretiens avec des répondants sélectionnés dans les différentes circonscriptions de la localité de l’étude à l’aide d’une technique d’échantillonnage non probabiliste. Dans le cas de Mt Moriah, un établissement humain officiel, cela fait plus de dix ans que des résidents de plusieurs établissements de cabanes de la ville ont été réinstallés dans cette localité. Il ressort de l’étude que les habitants du mont Moriah ont fait des heures supplémentaires pour s’adapter à la vie communautaire et familiale et jouissent d’un fort sentiment de cohésion sociale, en dépit des nombreux défis liés à la prestation de services et à l’émergence de problèmes sociaux. Cette étude souligne qu’un nombre important de membres de la communauté ont un sentiment d’appartenance à la localité et aspirent à améliorer leur qualité de vie. Mots clés: cabanes, établissements humains formels, cohésion sociale, relocalisation, réinstallation 
• La contribution des Universités dans la mise en œuvre des ODD au Sénégal : le cas de l’Université Alioune Diop de Bambey

  Mbengue, Mamadou Saliou (CODESRIA, 2019-12-13)

  Ce texte est une contribution à la mise en œuvre des ODD au Sénégal de manière générale, dans la localité de Bambey en particulier. Inspirés de l’approche intégrée des ODD de l’Institut Hydro-Québec en Environnement Développement et Société de l’Université Laval, deux ateliers sont réalisés en juillet 2017 à l’Université Alioune Diop de Bambey (UADB), d’abord avec les occupants de l’Université (étudiants, personnels d’administration technique et de services et enseignants) ensuite avec les acteurs de société civile de Bambey. Ces deux ateliers d’appropriation et de mise en situation des 17 ODD ont abouti à des résultats dont l’analyse sociale, économique et environnementale a mis en exergue, pour chaque cadre d’analyse des problématiques agrégées à des ODD. Des liens directs et indirects sont établis entre l’ODD ciblé et les autres en apportant des justifications à toutes les liaisons positives ou négatives. Le système de priorisation privilégié est axé sur un large consensus sur les ODD pour lesquels, l’UADB et la communauté de Bambey doivent se mobiliser pour ériger l’Université en campus durable et impulser le développement local. Pour propulser la dynamique communautaire et universitaire vers de meilleures conditions de vies des habitants, les participants aux ateliers ont élaboré des solutions aux problèmes sociaux, environnementaux et économiques soulevés. Ces solutions sont formulées sous forme de projets pouvant faire office de laboratoires vivants dans lesquels, des chercheurs, des élus locaux, des organismes communautaires et d’autres acteurs pourront interagir et panser les maux de la commune de Bambey, de l’UADB en renforçant la dynamique de la gouvernance participative, un des prérequis de la mise en œuvre des ODD dans des endroits comme le Sénégal. Mots-clés: ODD, Bambey, développement local, gouvernance participative, organisation communautaire This text is a contribution to the implementation of the SDGs in Senegal in general, in the locality of Bambey in particular. Inspired by the integrated approach of the SDGs of the Hydro-Québec Institute for Environment Development and Society of Laval University, two workshops are conducted in July 2017 at the University Alioune Diop Bambey (UADB), first with the University occupants (students, technical administration and service staff, and teachers) and then with Bambey civil society actors. These two workshops for the appropriation and implementation of the 17 SDGs resulted in results whose social, economic and environmental analysis highlighted, for each framework of analysis of the issues aggregated to the SDGs. Direct and indirect links are established between the targeted SDG and others by providing rationale for all positive and negative linkages. The preferred prioritization system is based on a broad consensus on the SDGs for which the UADB and the Bambey community must mobilize to build the University into a sustainable campus and boost local development. To propel the community and university dynamics towards better living conditions of the inhabitants, the participants of the workshops elaborated solutions to the social, environmental and economic problems raised. These solutions are formulated in the form of projects that can act as living laboratories in which researchers, local elected representatives, community organizations and other actors can interact and heal the ills of the Bambey commune of the UADB by reinforcing the dynamics of participatory governance, one of the prerequisites for implementing the SDGs in places like Senegal. Key words  : SDGs, Bambey, local development, participatory governance, community organisation 
• Editorial: Book Reviews

  Oloyede, Jide (CODESRIA, 2019-12-13)

  No Abstract.
• State-in-Society: the Mutual Constitutiveness of the Developmental State and Higher Education in South Africa

  L Thaver; B Thaver (CODESRIA, 2010-08-11)

  Seeking to go beyond the pessimism and reification of contemporary analyses of the state in Africa, this article applies Migdal’s State in Society (2001) approach to the field of higher education transformation in South Africa. It argues that the state is best understood through its actual practices, particularly at those points where it reaches into society through policy implementation and, conversely, where society through its institutions in turn reaches into the state. In the course of these engagements, social boundaries are constituted through alliances, accommodations and resistances and have a mutually transformative effect on both state and society. The article shows how, with regard to both the image and the practices of the state, the relationship between the developmental state and higher education in South Africa reveals a range of tensions around issues such as accountability, autonomy, transformation and globalisation; and it concludes that Migdal’s approach offers a fruitful theoretical corrective to state-centric and socio-centric views of the state-society relationship.Key Words: Developmental state, South Africa, globalisation, higher education
• Corporate social responsibility and workers’ well-being in Nigerian banks

  Oluyemi, Joseph A.; Yinusa, Muhammed A.; Abdulateef, Raji; Akindele, Ibimidu (CODESRIA, 2017-03-29)

  The usual focus of Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria has always been on the society or the community where business is located while the place of workers as stakeholder in business is usually downplayed. This study examined the impact of corporate social responsibility on the wellbeing of workers in the Nigerian banking system. The objective was to know if adequate health facilities are provided for workers in the banks to meet their health needs when required. The study was conducted among ten commercial banks in Ilorin North-Central Nigeria while primary data was retrieved through self administered questionnaire from 160 participants. Participants were selected through a multi-stage sampling technique while the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 19.0) was employed to analyse data retrieved from the field. Hypotheses formulated in the study were tested using the Chi-square statistical tool. Findings revealed that, 85.0% of the participants’ employers provided for them health facilities even though only 55.1% of the health facilities provided are adequate. A significant relationship was also found between participants’ wellbeing and health facilities provided p<0.05, while there was no significant relationship was between wellbeing of participants and adequacy of the health facilities provided by participants employers p>0.05. The study concluded that, even though some banks in the country provide health facilities for their workers, the health facilities provided are not adequate enough to meet the health needs of the workers. The study however, recommended a more comprehensive health plan for bankers that cover life saving health care services such as intensive care, surgeries and other life threatening diseases.Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Bankers, Health Facilities
• Vulnerability and resilience of female farmers in Oku, Cameroon, to Climate Change

  Azong, Matilda; Kelso, Clare J.; Naidoo, Kammila (CODESRIA, 2018-08-07)

  The experience of climate change is filtered through ones existing cultural, social and economic vulnerabilities. The rural poor in natural resource dependent communities in various African countries are likely to be negatively affected by climate change. In many cultures female farmers are considerably worse off than their male counterparts. This study makes use of a life history methodology in order to examine the particular nature of the vulnerability experienced by rural women in Oku in the Bamenda Highlands region of Cameroon. Gender is linked to vulnerability through a number of factors. These include access to and control over land, division of labour, marriage relationships, access to education and responsibility for dependents. Participants’ life histories show how vulnerability in the region develops over time and is both complex and non-linear. Nevertheless, the participants expressed how they used their agency, both individual and collective, in coping with vulnerability. They narrate different adaptation strategies employed including livelihood diversification, and changing farming practices. Understanding the role of gender in shaping women’s vulnerability is useful in informing the design and implementation of adaptation policies. This article makes an empirical contribution to the discussions on the need to engender climate change research, policy and actions.Keywords: Vulnerability, Cameroon, Gender, Life history, Climate, Resilience
• Holistic Development: Muslim Women’s Civil Society Groups in Nigeria, Ghana and Tanzania

  Wallace, Adryan (CODESRIA, 2016-03-30)

  Muslim women’s organizations in East and West Africa have cultivated successful strategies to mitigate the varied domestic economic and political outcomes produced by globalization. Although China and the BRICS countries are providing multipolar development models their results may not differ significantly from their western counterparts if groups that are often left out of the decision-making processes are not included. There is an urgent need for social scientists to make the experiences of African women as designers of development the central point of theorizing in order to inform how we conceptualize economic and political participation and measure inequality. This paper will utilize case studies from local women’s non-governmental and community based organizations in Kano, Nigeria, Tamale, Ghana and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to help develop mechanisms for sustainable economic growth and substantive representation, which I argue, can help generate state institutions that are more responsive to the needs of their citizens. Mainstreaming gender, as an analytical frame is essential because it interrogates privilege, illustrates how it is distributed among and between women and men and provides insights into partnerships that can be forged across genders. Furthermore, the institutional linkages of women’s organizations both within and across national contexts strengthens the ability of African countries to look internally and share their development best practices through sub- regional entities and the African Union. Finally, civil society needs to be redefined and contextualized using the perspectives of citizens at the grassroots level to produce holistic policy recommendations for all three tiers of governance (domestic, sub-regional and regional).Keywords: African women, muslim women, civil society, economic development, sustainable growth, governance
• Editorial

  Oloyede, Olajide (CODESRIA, 2016-03-30)

  No Abstract
• Health Inequality in South Africa: A Systematic Review

  Obuaku-Igwe, Chinwe C. (CODESRIA, 2016-03-30)

  This study presents a review of key empirical studies on health inequalities in South Africa with the aim of contributing to a comparative examination of social inequalities in health across different countries in Europe and other parts of the World. Studies reviewed were identified through a computerised search of key words such as inequalities, health, health inequalities, race, health in South Africa, health systems, socio economic determinants of health and livelihoods in South Africa. Studies were included if the primary objective was to explore health inequality as a variable in child/adult mortality.Keywords: Health inequality, race, child mortality, socio-economic conditions, South Africa
• Evangelisation á Kinshasa: une strategie d&#39exploitation ou l&#39expression d&#39une foi ardente?

  Mwanza, Gauthier M; Faculté des Sciences Sociales, Administratives et Politiques et Centre d&#39etudes Politiques, Université de Kinshasa, Republique Democratique du Congo (CODESRIA, 2005-12-09)

  No Abstract.African Sociological Review 2004, 8(2): 30-51
• Between the Clinic and the Community: Temporality and Patterns of ART Adherence in the Western Cape Province, South Africa

  Larkan, F; van Wyk, B; Stevens, P; Saris, AJ (CODESRIA, 2016-03-30)

  In an ethnographic study conducted over thirty months in South Africa’s Western Cape Province ending in 2012, we explored ART adherence amongst almost 200 patients attending three clinics. This setting contained significant political, structural, economic and socio cultural barriers to the uptake of, and adherence to, treatment. Such barriers certainly impacted patient drug use and the labelling of clients as ‘adherent’ or ‘non-adherent’. Yet, as our fieldwork developed, it became apparent that these labels also bore little relationship to the amount and regularity of drug consumption outside the clinic. Indeed, the people that we knew moved through these labels in ways that could not simply be explained by brute socio-economic circumstances, poor understanding of the functions of the drugs, or varying levels of family and community support, which themselves often changed over time. This paper presents four on-going ‘patterns of adherence’, which are clearly discernible in the communities in which we worked. Each pattern is demonstrated through the life of an ‘index patient’ whose case is seen to be representative of the range of experiences and practices observed under the terms ‘adherent’ and ‘non-adherent’. We argue that such terms are deeply contextual and, crucially, temporally situated. The complex intertwining of political, economic, socio cultural, gender, and biological factors that constitute the lives of participants exists in time and we call for a focus on evolving lives in relationship to changing health systems that can follow (and respond to) such developments to better deliver both information and services.Keywords: ART adherence, community, health systems, socio-cultural barriers drug consumption
• Capital accumulation, social reproduction and social struggle: rethinking the function of spatial planning and land use

  Hendler, Paul (CODESRIA, 2016-03-30)

  This purpose of this paper is to understand the historical impact on urban land usage of ecological, economic and political factors in order to conceptualise strategic ideas for transforming urban land usage currently and in the future to enable social equity, promote the efficient use of resources and sustain the ecologies within which cities and towns are embedded. The paper analyses the historical data through a triangular matrix of capital accumulation, state reproduction and planning strategies and popular movements pressurizing to benefit from demanded land usages. Capital accumulation is viewed as a process through which wealth produced by labour accrues both to owners of capital and managers in the form of unearned value. This insight is particularly important in the current phase of global capitalism, in which financialisation is a dominant form of economic activity and impacts also on the way spaces are planned and used in urban areas for economic gain. Given the contradiction between an exponentially growing economy and finite resources, I take into account limits to growth and incorporate ecological economics’ insights into classical political economy analyses.Keywords: spatial planning, land use, capital accumulation, social reproduction, ecology
• The socio-economic well-being of internal migrants in Agbogbloshie, Ghana

  Adamtey, Ronald; Yajalin, John Ebotui; Oduro, Charles Yaw (CODESRIA, 2016-03-30)

  The recent claims that migration can improve the well-being of migrants and thei dependants back home has mainly focused on international migration to destinations that are considered developed. Few studies have focused on internal migration and its effects on migrants’ wellbeing. Besides, whether migrations to areas that are considered not developed can also contribute to improving the well being of migrants and their dependants back home remains unaccounted for in the literature. This study employed a quantitative design involving descriptive statistics, independent t- test and binomial test to examine the effects of internal migration on the wellbeing of migrants in Agbogbloshie-the most populous slum in Accra. The study found that the determinants of well-being; income, education and employment have improved for migrants after migration. The results implied that migration had a net positive effect on migrants’ wellbeing. However, this benefit comes at a cost as migrant workers are engaged in works that post a lot of risk such as carrying very heavy loads, exposed to toxic substances and living in very poor accommodation. The paper recommends that efforts be made by governments to bridge the development gap between the north and south of the country so as to limit the rate of migration.Keywords: Migration, Development, Well-being, Poverty, Income distribution, Ghana
• Successful ageing amongst elderly women living independently in central areas Of Pretoria, South Africa

  Rabe, Marlize (CODESRIA, 2016-03-30)

  This qualitative study explores successful ageing among a group of old women who live in the central areas of Pretoria in South Africa. It utilised the notion of successful ageing as a theoretical construct to examine how the women adapt to the challenges of old age. The study reveals that participants who had overcome difficult challenges in previous life stages by relying on their own resources are the most likely to adjust comfortably to the challenges of old age as well as the complexities encountered in the diverse central areas of Pretoria.Keywords: Elderly, life course perspective, successful ageing, living independently, South Africa
• La contribution des jeunes à l’alternance politique au Sénégal : Le rôle de Bul faale et de Y’en a marre

  Dieng, Moda (CODESRIA, 2016-03-30)

  Ce document est une contribution à l’étude du rôle des jeunes dans les processus de démocratisation en Afrique. Plus spécifiquement, il se borne à analyser l’influence de Bul Faale et de Y’en a marre dans les deux alternances politiques survenues au Sénégal en 2000 et 2012. Ces deux mouvements, issus du hip-hop, ont été au premier plan dans les mobilisations qui ont permis ces changements de majorité au pouvoir. Cela contraste avec la situation de marginalisation politique et économique dans laquelle se trouvent les jeunes.Mots-clés: Sénégal, jeunes, alternance politique, Bul faale, Y’en a marreAbstractThis paper is a contribution to the research on the role of youth in the democratization process in Africa. More precisely, its analysis is confined to the influence of Bul Faale and Y’en a marre in political changes that occurred in Senegal, both in 2000 and in 2012. Always originating from hip-hop, these two movements have been at the forefront of mobilizations that sparked changes in the ruling majority. Interestingly, this contrasts with the situation of political and economic marginalization the youth continues to struggle with.Keywords: Senegal, Youth, Political Change, Bul faale, Y’en a marre

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