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The Global Plankton Database: an inventory and data from the former Soviet Union expeditionsCore international projects dealing with the ocean, as well as the UNEP Biodiversity and Climate Change Program, have emphasized an urgent need for information on the impact of climate change on species diversity and on the development of efforts to deal with this impact. In order to assess this impact, a global database of historical data sets is needed. For instance, there is a lack of knowledge on the interannual climate-related variability of zooplankton communities of the tropical Atlantic, central Mediterranean Sea, Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, and Arabian Sea due to the absence of appropriate databases. The general goal was to develop a plankton database of the Former Soviet Union expeditions (carried out by the academic research vessels), available for the international scientific community. This database contains 41 expeditions to the Atlantic Ocean and over 30 expeditions to the enclosed seas of the Atlantic Ocean, including over 30 years of sampling in the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, and 14 expeditions to the Indian Ocean. Basic approach to the proposed research involved: Development of co-operation between experts and data holders in Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, UK, and USA to rescue and compile the oceanographic data sets and release them on CD-ROM (this is the online version of the CD as archived in Pangaea in 2008). The organization and compilation of a database based on FSU cruises to the above regions. The analysis of the basin-scale interannual variability of the zooplankton species abundance, biomass, and species diversity. The Database was created with the assistance of the following institutions: Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Ukrainain National Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Ukraine Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Ukrainain National Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Ukraine Caspian Biological Station, Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan Institute of Zoology and NGO "Tethys", Almaty, Kazakhstan Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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Governance of Public Service Media in Poland: The Role of the PublicThis paper analyzes the role of the public in governance processes in public service media (PSM) in Poland in the post mass-media era, characterized by participatory culture and network practices. Referencing the findings of the “Democratization of media policy in the digital ecosystems” (2014–2015) research project, the study aims to map the effectiveness of existing tools, practices and attitudes toward opening-up Polish public media enterprises to the public. Examination of media regulation, grey literature (corporate documentation, strategies, reports) and civil society initiatives are likely to indicate the ways and extent to which members of the public might currently participate in the decision-making and control. On the basis of hypotheses that public media enterprises in Poland are not fully prepared for the multi-stakeholder and advanced model of PSM, the study takes into account potential systemic/regulatory, organizational and social barriers for change. The salient questions to be addressed are: What are the strategies and practices through which members of civil society might get involved? At what stages are the publics able to engage? How can PSM take advantage of the development of online tools offering space for interaction and collaboration? How is it possible to make the public more active and interested in governance and participation?
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Twitter in Marketing Practice of the Religious Media. An Empirical Study on Catholic Weeklies in PolandThis article presents the partial conclusion of the research project devoted to marketing activity of Polish Catholic opinion-forming weeklies on the social media platforms. The main aim of this article is to present the results of the study on the use of Twitter as a marketing tool by Polish nationwide Catholic opinion-forming weeklies. The basic research questions concerned the extent of utilizing the platform by the magazines’ editors to create and distribute the content of their media product, maintain and develop brand communication and self-promotion. The case studies and the content analysis of the accounts of the three magazines—<i>Gość Niedzielny</i>, <i>Tygodnik Katolicki Niedziela</i> and <i>Przewodnik Katolicki</i>—show that there are three different ways in how the editors of the magazines understand the role of the Twitter account of the title they represent—as an ‘active communicator’, ‘active communicator and community supporter’ or ‘community supporter’. The conclusions show that the studied media fairly efficiently use the visual and distributional potential of the platform as well as some of its features, at the same time missing the chance to build a brand-loyal community. They also limit the role of Twitter to that of a supplement for the main communication channel, which is the printed weekly and its website.