冷眼觀：晚清《小說林》的敘事與觀看

Abstract

[[abstract]]論文摘要 1907年由小說林社出版《小說林》，為晚清四大小說期刊之一，乃晚清報刊發展史上的轉捩點。顯示報刊逐漸由政治教化轉向文學性、通俗性、商業性的方向，並重新對公、私領域作出定位和思考。本文主要分為五個部份：首先梳理小說林社與《小說林》整體營運、出版之狀況，有助了解本文之後論述。再者為篇幅最多的翻譯小說與他者奇聞，探討中西方藉助翻譯而產生相互觀看、定位的行為，並改變中國觀看自身的方式。接續討論《小說林》文學觀，重視美學、文學性與商業價值，呈現晚清現代性進入後個人主體浮現，導致文學趨向世俗與工具價值，時於小說中見「窺視」、「偷窺」之主題，影響民初文學走向；另外報刊成為報人謀生的事業，因欲提高銷售量而引起改善刊物品質的反思。再者研究性別議題，晚清「女性改革」為男性建構之話語，《小說林》刊登《孽海花》、秋瑾新聞事件與家庭類小說，皆展露女性形象於公、私領域的越界和翻轉。最後為短篇小說於形式、內容、標點符號的轉變，帶領讀者漫遊晚清上海「惡之華」的都市風貌，獲知當時時人之世界觀。《小說林》處於承先啟後的位置，在文學發展、公私領域、中西文化或教化與商業的端點間擺盪與延續，均富有現代性深意而有所啟發。

[[abstract]]Abstract “Xiao Shuo Lin” , published by Xiao Shuo Lin Publishing House in 1907, is one of four fiction periodicals in late Qing Dynasty, and was the turning point in the history of newspaper and periodical development in late Qing Dynasty. It shows that the newspapers and periodicals gradually transformed from political enlightenment to literature, popularization, and business, and made re-orientation and re-thinking to the public and private fields. The thesis can be divided into five parts chiefly: First of all, analyzing Xiao Shuo Lin Publishing House and “Xiao Shuo Lin’s” overall operation and publishing conditions, which were beneficial for making exposition afterwards in this thesis. Secondly, the translation of novels and anecdotes of others that occupied the greatest space of publication; this part explored the West and China’s mutual viewing and orientation behavior by means of translation, and translation had changed China’s way of viewing itself. Then, continuing to discuss “Xiao Shuo Lin’s” viewpoint of literature that attached importance to aesthetics, literariness, and business value, and presented the individual subject’s emerging after the modernity entered late Qing Dynasty, resulting in the literature’s tending to secular value and tool value; hence, the subjects of “watching stealthily” and “peeping” were often seen in the fictions, influencing the literature trend of early Republic of China; besides, newspapers and periodicals have become an enterprise for people working in a publishing house to make a living, and the introspection of improving the quality of publications was aroused because of wanting to boost the sales volume. Furthermore, researching the gender issue; “female reform” in late Qing Dynasty was the language constructed by males; “Xiao Shuo Lin” published “Nie Hai Hua (Flower in the Sea of Evil),” the news event of “Qiu Jin,” and family category novels, revealing female image’s crossing the border and reversal in the public and private fields. Finally, the short novels’ transformation in form, content, and punctuation marks, leading the readers to roam through Shanghai to appreciate the metropolitan style and features as “Les Fleurs du mal (The Flower of Evil)” in late Qing Dynasty, and know the world view of people at that time. “Xiao Shuo Lin” is situated at the position of inheriting the past and ushering in the future (namely, serving as a link between past and future), sways between the vertexes of literature development, public and private fields, Chinese and Western culture or enlightenment and business, being rich of profound meaning of modernity and with edification.

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