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Aux sources de l'identité européenne : « L'Esprit des Lumières » de Tzvetan Todorov

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Author(s)
Vuillemin, Alain
Keywords
Tzvetan Todorov
« Esprit des Lumières »
héritage des « Lumières »
esprit critique
identité européenne
philosophie politique
Tzvetan Todorov
“Esprit des Lumières”
legacy of the Enlightenment
free criticism
sense of European identity
political philosophy
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1045866
Online Access
http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=HERM_051_0029
Abstract
Aux sources du sentiment européen de l’identité se trouverait un héritage contrasté d’idées et de croyances venu des « Lumières » du XVIIIe siècle. Telle est la thèse développée dans L’Esprit des Lumières, un essai philosophique et politique publié en 2006 par Tzvetan Todorov. Cette mutation radicale de la pensée est un phénomène historique qui se produit en Europe, au xviiie siècle, et est « responsable de [l’]identité présente » des Européens. L’auteur en réexamine les acquis, le projet initial, les grands principes et les errements ultérieurs, en insistant sur l’actualité de ce qui serait « la création la plus prestigieuse de l’Europe » : cet idéal, cet « esprit » éclairé, lucide, de « libre examen [...] critique ». Il termine par un acte de foi : « l’identité de l’Europe [et] donc sa “volonté générale” [ne] pourr[ont] s’affirmer [que] si l’on s’appuie sur les analyses faites à l’époque des Lumières. » Aux Européens de s’unir pour y parvenir !
The Makings of European Identity : “The Spirit of the Enlightenment” by Tzvetan TodorovAt the heart of the sense of European identity is the contrasting legacy of ideas and beliefs that emerged from the 18th century Enlightenment. This is the thesis developed in “The Spirit of the Enlightenment”, a philosophical and political essay published in 2006 by Tzvetan Todorov. The radical change in thinking that was the hallmark of the Enlightenment was first of all a historical event that occurred in 18th century Europe and which was “responsible for the present European identity”. The author looks anew at what has been gained, at the initial impetus, at the guiding principles and the subsequent trials and tribulations of that legacy, insisting on the relevance of what he believes is “the most prestigious creation of Europe” : the ideal of an enlightened, lucid “spirit” of “free criticism”. What “the Enlightenment” also refers to is an attitude based on tolerance, reason, secularity, equality and respect for everyone’s free judgment. He concludes with an act of faith : “Europe’s identity and, therefore, its ‘willingness’ will grow only if it is based on those analyses made during the Age of Enlightenment”. It is up to Europeans themselves to fulfill this ambition.
Date
2008
Identifier
oai:cairn.info:HERM_051_0029
http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=HERM_051_0029
Copyright/License
Cairn
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