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Frequência de eventos secos e chuvosos extremos mensais no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil e suas tendências no século XXI usando SPI

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Author(s)
Santos, Thalyta Soares dos
Keywords
ìndice de Precipitação Normalizada (SPI), Norte, Nordeste, Brasil, tendências, Standar Precipitation Index (SPI), North, Northeast, Brazil, trends.

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1046163
Online Access
http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18/2011/02.24.17.13
Abstract
Analisaram-se as frequências e tendências de eventos secos e chuvosos severos e extremos no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil no século passado, usando dados de precipitação do GPCC (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre) e do modelo ECHAM5 na rodada 20C e projeções para o século XXI deste mesmo modelo em dois cenários distintos, um mais pessimista (A2) e um intermediário (A1B). As frequências dos diferentes eventos secos e chuvosos foram obtidas através do Índice de Precipitação Normalizada (SPI) nas escalas 3, 6 e 12 meses. Foi feita uma análise sazonal da variabilidade espacial das frequências e intensidades destes eventos, assim como as tendências seculares dos SPIs 3, 6 e 12, para todos os 4 conjuntos de dados. O modelo ECHAM5 não conseguiu reproduzir bem as precipitações médias anuais quando comparado à climatologia das observações obtidas pelo GPCC. O viés das precipitações médias anuais variou de -1 a 1 na maior parte da região, e chegou a 4 vezes no Nordeste. As intensidades médias dos eventos de seca e de chuva foram inversamente proporcionais a escala de tempo do SPI. As maiores frequências dos eventos severos e extremos de seca e de chuva, em todos os conjuntos de dados, ocorreram no inverno e na primavera. A tendência desses eventos mostrou-se bastante similar para os SPIs 3, 6 e 12, mas apresentaram diferenças entre os dois conjuntos de dados analisados. A década de 90, segundo o GPCC, apresentou elevada frequência de eventos severos e extremos de seca, que não foi observada na rodada 20C do ECHAM5. No século XXI os eventos severos e extremos de seca e chuva apresentam comportamento similar ao século XX. Apesar do cenário A2 ser mais pessimista em relação ao A1B, ele apresentou uma menor frequência de eventos severos e extremos de chuva. Ambos os cenários indicam uma tendência significativa de decréscimo na ocorrência dos eventos severos e extremos em grande parte da região Amazônica e no litoral do Nordeste e tendências positivas no noroeste e sudeste da Amazônia. ABSTRACT: The frequencies and trends of extreme and severe dry and wet events in the North and Northeast of Brazil in the last century were analyzed using monthly precipitation GPCC data (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre) and ECHAM5 data in the 20C run. The predictions for the XXI century were made with ECHAM5 model for two distinct scenarios, an intermediary scenario (A1B) and one more pessimist (A2). The frequencies of the different dry and wet events were obtained through the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) at the scales of 3, 6 and 12 months. The seasonal analysis of the spatial variability of the frequencies and intensities of dry and wet events, as well as its tendencies through the century, were made for the SPIs 3, 6 and 12, for all data ensembles. The ECHAM5 model did not reproduced well the average annual precipitation when compared to the climatology of observations obtained from the GPCC. The bias of the annual average precipitation varied from -1 to 1 in the major part of the region, and reach up to 4 times in the Northeast. The average intensities of the events of drought and rain was inversely proportional to the time scale of the SPI. The highest frequencies of extreme and severe events of drought and rain, in all of the data set, occurred during winter and spring. The tendency of these events showed similar for the SPIs 3, 6 and 12, and showed differences for both ensembles of analyzed data. The 90's decade, according to the GPCC, presented an anomalous behavior, due to the high frequencies of extreme and severe drought events, that was not observed in the 20C run of ECHAM5. In the XXI century the dry and wet events showed a similar behavior that for the XX century. In spite of the A2 scenario being more pessimist in comparison with the A1B, it presented a lower frequency of extreme and severe rainy events. Both scenarios showed a significant trend of decrease in the occurrence of extreme and severe events in a great part of the Amazon region and in the coast of the Northeast region, and a positive trend in the Northwest and Southeast ofthe Amazon region.
Number of Pages: 144
Date
2011
Type
text
Identifier
oai:urlib.net:sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18/2011/02.24.17.13.11-0
http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18/2011/02.24.17.13
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