基于制度视角下我国农村土地流转市场的发展

Abstract

摘要 本文以建国后我国农村土地流转制度的变革为背景，运用制度变迁理论对农村土地流转制度的演变机理进行研究，并从交易成本角度分析了现阶段农村土地流转进展缓慢的原因。 本文通过查阅农村土地制度改革的大量资料，认为农村土地的改革过程实际上是个制度变迁的过程，并按时间顺序描述了我国土地变迁的过程。由于我国的土地制度的特殊性，使得土地所有权、承包权、使用权三权分离，农村土地所流转的就是承包土地的使用权。在这一流转中，涉及到五个方面的主体，他们分别是：中央政府、地方政府、转出农户、企业、转入农户。文中对这五个主体分别从权责利的角度进行了职能分析，运用波特的五力模型理清土地流转中主体之间的关系。 通过对农地流转现状的分析以及流转主体关系的梳理，本文认为交易成本的存在构成阻碍农地流转的重要因素，并从机会主义、有限理性以及资产专用性三个维度分析了交易成本产生的原因。文章最后提出促进我国农村土地流转的相关的政策建议，认为只有明晰产权，才能从根本上解决土地流转中存在的问题与各主体之间的利益冲突。 本文在马克思主义唯物辩证法的指导下，运用了新制度经济学中制度变迁理论和交易成本理论等。其创新之处在于，运用制度变迁理论对我国农村土地流转制度变革的动因进行分析，同时运用交易成本理论对现阶段农村土地流转缓慢的原因进行了分析。在这一过程当中，还运用博弈分析方法，通过构造委托代理模型，从土地流转中的主体入手，对交易成本的产生机理进行分析。 关键词：土地制度变迁；土地流转市场；交易成本

Abstract Base on the transformation of rural land circulation system after establishing the New-China in 1949, in this paper, using the Vicissitudes of System theory to analyze the evolution mechanism of the rural land circulation system. Besides, the reasons, which cause the rural land circulation developed slowly, are listed out by using the analyzing methods from cost of transaction. By looking over a number of documentary materials, it is thinking that the processes of transformation of rural land actually are the processes of vicissitudes of system. In order to clarify the transformation processes, describing the process of vicissitudes of land on time order. Due to the particularity of the Land System in China, the Ownership of land, Contractual rights of Land as well as Using rights of land are separated. The using rights of the contractual rural land are what the rural land circulated. There are five main parts in the circulation of land. They are central government, local government, farmers who transfer out their land, enterprises, farmers who transfer in others’ land. In this paper, using the methods from the powers, responsibilities and benefits analyze the five main parts in circulation of land. In order to clarify the relationship among five main parts, the Poterˊs five force model can be used. By analyzing the status of rural land circulation and hackling the relationship of main parts, it is concluded that existence of the transaction cost is the main reason, which hindered the development of the rural land circulation. It clarifies the reasons of the transaction cost, from three aspects which are asset-specific, Limited rationality as well as Opportunism. At last, it listed some policy suggestion that use to promote the circulation of rural land. There is nothing but clarifying the asset-right, than the problems existing in the process of land circulation will be solved. The benefit conflict among the main parts will be resolved. Under the guidance of the Marxist materialist dialectics, this paper used the vicissitudes of system theory and transaction cost theory in New Institutional Economics. The innovation of this paper is using the vicissitudes of system to analyze the driven-reasons of system transformation on rural land circulation in our country, as well as using the transaction cost theory to analyze the reasons about the slowly development of rural land circulation. Besides this paper also include the Game Analysis method to establish the Principal-agent model. Opening with the main parts in circulation of land, it analyzed the generation-mechanism of transaction cost. Key words：The changes of land system; The Land circulation market; Cost of transaction

学位：经济学硕士

院系专业：经济学院经济系_政治经济学

学号：15320061150760