驯服自我：王常月修道思想研究

Abstract

本论文在详尽占有和辨析史料的基础上，从修道者的自我冲突这一新视域，系统探讨了王常月的修道思想，揭示其背后所蕴含的个人在世存在所面临的种种冲突，对于这些冲突的经验、揭示、解决和批判，构成了本文的主要内容和理论基础。由此出发，进而剖析其修行思想背后的深层次心理学和哲学问题，这些深层次的心理学问题，主要包括了王常月修道思想背后所暗含的压抑、恐惧和焦虑等心理要质，由此而揭示全真道信仰所具有的非神圣性诱因。在全真道信仰背后的哲学问题上，本文则揭示了王常月修道思想当中所反映的个人生存问题，此种人之生存的最大问题，就在于人生的虚无，而人生虚无的最根本体现，则在于王常月思想当中对于人之有死性的揭示。面对此种有死性，本文着重分析了王常月修道思想当中对于“不朽”的追求，揭示了其追求背后所反映的个体对于保存自我和寻求确定性的深度心理渴求。 因此，本文在下述问题上做出了创新性的探讨：首先，在前人研究基础上，依据新材料对于王常月的生平、著述、传戒、衣钵等诸多学术疑问做了细致考证，提出了自己的见解，认为王常月在白云观的公开传戒活动缺乏足够的教外文献记载，而且对于其衣钵传承，发现《金盖心灯》的记载与其他文献有所矛盾，认为得其衣钵者当为谭守诚而非吕守璞；其次，借用西方精神分析学对于自我人格所包含的本我、自我、超我区分，以及存在主义对于人非理性一面的论述，将王常月修道思想所反映的人的阴暗性和脆弱性首次做了揭示，以此反映全真道信仰背后所包含的世俗性因素；再次，通过对清初王常月所处时代的思想主题与金元全真教时期对比，深入论述了全真教思想主题从生死问题到爱欲问题的转变这一新观点；最后，本文对王常月道教思想在全真教发展史上的地位和影响提出了自己的看法，并分析了龙门律宗在理论建构方面的特征及其不足之处。 关键词：王常月；驯服；自我冲突；修道思想

Based on the historical materials, This thesis explores the Taoism thoughts of Wang Changyue,the Seventh Longmen Patriarch at the beginning of Qing dynasty. From the self-conflict visions,the author try to describe the conflicts behind Wang`s religion thoughts.So all kinds of conflicts are the main contents and basises in this thesis.Further,the author analyzes the deep-psychology and philosophy problems. About the deep-psychology problems this thesis states some mental factors,for example, oppression,phobia and anxiety etc,these factors are behind the Wang`s religionary thoughts.From these factors ,we can find some non divine reasons for the Quanzhen Taoism belief.On the other hand,the author also try to open out the philosophy meanings behind Wang`s writings.About these philosophical thoughts,the author think that nihilism of life is the biggest thought in the Wang`s statements, and the basical problem of nihilism is the fact that everybody will die.Facing the fact of death,Wang hoped transcend it through pursuing immortality by religionary ways. Behind the pursuing immortality, the deep psychological motivation and philosophical reason are self-conservatizing and certainty-questioning. So this thesis start its researchs from the followings:Firstly,basing on the former researchs and new historical materials,the author checks the Wang`s life,writings, precept-conveying and his heritor etc.The author thinks there are no enough materials to support the idea that Wang conveyed the precepts publicly in Baiyunguan of Beijing at Shunzhi era,those began in the years of 1656,1658 and 1659. Meanwhile, about the Wang`s heritor this thesis deems it was Tan Shoucheng and not Lv Shoupu, but the Lamp of Mind from Mt.Jin`gai recorded Wang`s heritor was Lv Shoupu,that was not real.Secondly,By using the Freud`s concepts of Id(inner desire),ego and super-ego, we can find the human`s frangibility and gloom in Wang`s religionary thoughts, then the non-divine origins of religion will be revealed. Thirdly, the author also considers there were some subjects changes between the early Quanzhen Taoism and Wang`s religionary thoughts,the changes from the life-death to love-desire.In Jin-yuan epoch,the early thinkers of Quanzhen school were confused by the problems of metaphysics,that meaned they knowed human would die sooner or later and found meaningless in daily life.So they wanted to transcend the fact that human will die. Because of that they can control and train themselves voluntarily by religionary ways.The love-desire were not their main problems because of their self-discipline.On the contrary,in Wang`s epoch the love-desire became the main problems of Quanzhen Taoists,so religionary disciplines were emphasized by Wang`s writings.Those were big changes from early Quanzhen Taoism to Longmen school at the beginning of Qing dynasty.At last,this thesis states the importances of Wang`s religionary thoughts in the history of Quanzhen Taoism.The thesis thinks that Wang was the leader of Longmen Fashion at the beginning of Qing dynasty and his public precept-conveying actions afforded the basises of Taoists,organizations and systems.Meanwhile,the author considers there were some shortcomings in Wang`s religionary disciplines,they were not enough systemic in theory. Key words:Wang Changyue; Self-taming; Self-conflict; Taoist thoughts

学位：哲学博士

院系专业：人文学院哲学系_中国哲学

学号：20051402791