汉英社会称谓语对比分析

Abstract

摘 要 称谓语是说话的人用来称呼与其对话者的用语，它是人类言语交际不可或缺的一部分。由于文化的差异，汉英社会称谓语存在很大的差异。本文着重讨论它们的差异并分析造成这种差异的文化内涵。 本文除了引言和结论外分为五章。 引言部分介绍了本文的研究背景和目的，所要达到的目标和本文的结构。第一章对社会称谓语以及分类作了界定，并对国内和国外对称谓语的研究进行回顾；第二章讨论了影响称谓语选择的几点因素，如语境，社会地位，社会角色，动机，情感和态度以及其他的因素；第三章探寻影响汉英社会称谓语的文化差异。影响汉语社会称谓语的主要是宗族制度和儒学的伦理观念，而影响英语社会称谓语的主要是个体主义和平等的观念；第四章是本文的主要部分，分析了汉英社会称谓语上的相似点和差异，重点分析两者之间的差异。差异主要存在于称谓语的构成顺序，名字的使用，拟亲属称谓语的使用，职衔称谓，通称和礼貌原则等几个方面；第五章讨论汉英社会称谓语的差异在跨文化交际、翻译和教学方面所产生的问题，同时针对这些问题提出了一些可行的建议。结论部分总结了本文的成就以及不足。 通过对比分析的方法，本文对汉英社会称谓语的异同点以及造成差异的原因作了全面的分析。作者希望本文对跨文化交际、翻译者、语言教学者以及那些对称谓语的研究感兴趣的人能有所帮助。 关键词：社会称谓语；对比分析；文化影响

Synopsis Address terms are the words speakers use to designate the person they are talking to in communication and they are an indispensable part of human verbal communication. Chinese and English address terms bear great differences due to the huge cultural differences. In the thesis, a contrastive study of Chinese and English address terms is made and the cultural connotations behind them discussed. The thesis consists of five chapters plus an introduction and a conclusion. The introduction is about the research background, purpose of the research, goals of the research and the organization of the thesis. Chapter One is the definition and classification of address terms as well as the literature review by scholars at home and abroad. Chapter Two discusses the factors influencing the choice of address terms such as context, status, social role, motivation, emotion and attitude and other factors. Chapter Three deals with the cultural backgrounds which may play a role in Chinese and English address systems. The most influential factors are the patriarchal clan system and Confucianism in Chinese while in English they are individualism and equality. Chapter Four analyzes the similarities and differences between Chinese and English address terms with the focus on the latter. The differences lie in six categories in general: constituent order of address terms; usage of names; fictive kinship terms; post and rank address terms; popular address terms; and politeness principle. Chapter Five discusses the problems in cross-cultural activities such as communication, translation and teaching due to the differences between Chinese and English address terms and then puts forward some feasible suggestions. The conclusion summarizes the major achievements of the thesis and its limitations. The thesis gives a comprehensive comparison and contrast between Chinese and English address terms and reveals the reasons of the differences through contrastive study. It is also hoped that the thesis will be of some help to cross-cultural communication, translators, language teachers and those who concern with the investigation of address terms.Key words: address terms; contrastive study; cultural influence

学位：文学硕士

院系专业：外文学院英语语言文学系_英语语言文学

学号：X2005110018