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O problema da multiplicidade política para o materialismo histórico: as análises dos sistemas-mundo e o desenvolvimento desigual e combinado

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Author(s)
de Oliveira, Felipe Antunes
Keywords
Desenvolvimento Desigual e Combinado; Revolução Permanente; Sistemas-mundo; Economia-mundo; Materialismo Histórico; Etapismo; León Trotsky; Immanuel Wallerstein
F59; B51
Uneven and Combined Development; Permanent Revolution; World-System Analysis; World-economy; Historical Materialism; Stages of development; León Trotsky; Immanuel Wallerstein
F59; B51

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1077466
Online Access
https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/economia/article/view/2175-8085.2014v17n2p107
Abstract
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8085.2014v17n2p107As análises dos sistemas-mundo e a teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado representam duas das mais interessantes e inovadoras perspectivas teóricas para o estudo da economia política internacional baseadas no programa de pesquisa materialista histórico. Nos textos basilares de ambas as perspectivas, Trotsky e Wallerstein se defrontaram com o mesmo problema: como superar visões etapistas do desenvolvimento, derivadas do "marxismo vulgar", que previa a impossibilidade do surgimento de revoluções socialistas em países cujo nível de desenvolvimento fosse atrasado em relação aos Estados capitalistas centrais. Por caminhos diferentes, Trotsky e Wallerstein rompem com essa visão.  Trotsky sugere o caráter desigual e combinado dos modos de produção em países atrasados; Wallerstein propõe uma perspectiva holística, em que os modos de produção aparecessem com referência à economia-mundo. Em ambos os casos, é possível identificar o problema subjacente causado pelo fato da multiplicidade política, pois o capitalismo efetivamente não se espalhou de modo igual por diferentes Estados. No presente artigo, argumenta-se que, apesar substanciais diferenças que apresentam entre si, as contribuições de Trotsky e Wallerstein podem ser vistas como complementares, ampliando o poder explicativo do materialismo histórico.
World-system analysis and the theory of uneven and combined development are two of the most insightful and innovative theoretical perspectives for the study of Global Political Economy within the historical materialist research program. In the founding texts of each of these perspectives, Trotsky and Wallerstein face the same question: how to overcome stage approaches of development, derived from ‘vulgar Marxism’, which stated the impossibility of the outburst of socialist revolutions in countries with backward productive structures in relation to central capitalist States. By different paths, Trotsky and Wallerstein refuse this approach. Trotsky suggests that modes of production in backward countries assume an uneven and combined character; Wallestein suggests a holistic perspective of development, in which modes of production appear in reference to the world-economy. In both cases, it is possible to identify the underlying problem posited by the fact of political multiplicity, as capitalism actually did not spread evenly across different countries. In this article I claim to identify the underlying problem posited by the fact of political multiplicity, as capitalism effectively did not spread evenly across different states. In this article I claim that, despite the substantial differences between those two perspectives, Trotsky’s and Wallerstein’s contributions can be regarded as complimentary, inasmuch as they broaden the explanatory power of historical materialism.
Date
2014-12-01
Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Identifier
oai:periodicos.ufsc.br:article/38585
https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/economia/article/view/2175-8085.2014v17n2p107
10.5007/2175-8085.2014v17n2p107
Copyright/License
Direitos autorais 2015 Textos de Economia
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