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«Presque chacun ressemble à l'embryon»

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Author(s)
Moussa, Sarga

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1156076
Online Access
http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ROM_130_0081
Abstract
RésuméL’Essai sur l’inégalité des races humaines (1853-1855) radicalise un discours raciologique qui, au xixe siècle, insiste sur la séparation et la hiérarchie des «races », dont les mélanges conduiraient à la dégénérescence. Paradoxalement, La Danseuse de Shamakha, la première des Nouvelles asiatiques (1876), n’illustre guère l’idée de supériorité de la «race» blanche. Bien qu’issue du Caucase, berceau des mythiques «Arians», l’héroïne musulmane est tiraillée entre la défense de son identité ethnique (elle appartient à la fière tribu des lesghys) et son amour pour des hommes qui excèdent ce cadre, que ce soit son cousin Mourad, devenu Assanoff depuis qu’il sert dans l’armée russe (mais ce triste produit du «métissage» ne peut plus revenir à son identité de départ…), ou l’exilé espagnol Moreno, dans lequel la danseuse reconnaît une image de sa propre nostalgie (mais elle meurt de cet amour). Il y a chez Gobineau à la fois un universalisme tragique et le désir de croire à une élite des déracinés – nouvelle famille dont les valeurs aristocratiques (courage, honneur…) transcenderaient les clivages ethniques, religieux ou linguistiques.
The Essay on the Inequality of Human Races (1853-1855) radicalizes the 19th century discourse of race which insists upon the separation and hierarchy of different “races” whose mixture would lead to degeneration. Paradoxically, The Dancing-girl from Shamakha, the first of the Nouvelles asiatiques (1876), hardly illustrates the idea of the superiority of the white “race”. Although the Muslim heroine is originally from the Caucasus, cradle of the mythical “Aryans”, she is torn between defending her ethnic identity (she belongs to the proud tribe of the Lesghys) and her love for men who are outside of this boundary, whether it is her cousin Mourad, who has become Assanoff since serving in the Russian army (although this sad result of “racial mixing” is unable to return to his original identity), or the Spanish exile, Moreno, in whom the dancer recognizes an image of her own nostalgia (she eventually dies, however, from this love). In Gobineau’s writing, there is both tragic universalism and the desire to believe in an elite of those who have become uprooted, a new family whose aristocratic values (courage, honor) would transcend ethnic, religious or linguistic divisions.
Date
2005
Identifier
oai:cairn.info:ROM_130_0081
http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ROM_130_0081
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Cairn
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