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Les racines d’une commémoration : les fêtes de la Revanche et les inaugurations de monuments aux morts de 1870 en France (1871-1914)

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Author(s)
Dalisson, Rémi
Keywords
Commémoration
revanche
monuments aux morts
guerre de 1870
3ème république

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1193093
Online Access
http://rha.revues.org/7994
Abstract
L’actualité braque aujourd’hui les projecteurs sur un centenaire de la Grande Guerre dont la mémoire reste vivace en France, en grande grâce partie aux fêtes du 11 novembre. Mais cette cérémonie plonge ses racines dans le XIXe siècle et la IIIe République triomphante. C’est entre 1873 et 1914 en effet que la tradition de la célébration d’une guerre, pourtant perdue, s’enracine dans le pays à travers les inaugurations de monuments aux morts de 1870. Par leur scénographie et leur idéologie, ces édifices mémoriaux annoncent tous les codes et toutes les figures des monuments de la Grande Guerre. Les fêtes de la Revanche que sont leurs inaugurations acculturent les Français et diffusent un républicanisme qui s’appuie sur la mystique de la Revanche et soutenue par toute la société. Outils de mobilisation culturelle et politique, espace didactique et polysémique, les fêtes d’inaugurations préfigurent les 11 novembre de l’entre-deux-guerres. Ces célébrations locales deviennent un espace de sociabilité politique qui diffuse le débat politique dans tout le pays et annonce, à travers des incidents qui montrent que le consensus patriotique n’est pas total, tous les clivages politiques et sociaux du XXe siècle.
Current developments aims to shed light on the centenary of the Great War. If its memory remains long-lived in France, she owes it largely to November 11th Day. But this ceremony comes from the XIXth century and the IIIrd triumphant Republic. It is between 1873 and 1914 that the tradition of the celebration of a war, even lost, takes root in the country through the inaugurations of war memorials of 1870. By their scenography as well as their ideology, those war memorials announce all the messages and all the figures of the Great War’s memorials. The feasts of the Revenge that are their inaugurations change French people and spread a republicanism which leans on the mystic of the Revenge sustained by the whole society. Tools of cultural and political mobilization, didactic and polysemous space, the feasts of inaugurations prefigure November 11th Day of the interwar period. And these local celebrations become a space of political sociability which spreads the political debate in the whole country and announces, through incidents which show that the patriotic consensus is not general, all the political and social splits of the XXth century.
Date
2014-07-04
Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Identifier
oai:revues.org:rha/7994
http://rha.revues.org/7994
Copyright/License
© Revue historique des armées
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