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L’Europe dans la régionalisation de l’espace mondial

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Author(s)
Richard, Yann
Zanin, Christine Tobelem
Keywords
mondialisation
commerce international
commerce bilatéral
régionalisation
dérégionalisation
Europe
intégration régionale
interaction
modèle
globalisation
regionalisation
de-regionalisation
international trade
bilateral trade
Europe
regional integration
interaction
model
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1193836
Online Access
http://geocarrefour.revues.org/7383
Abstract
La régionalisation de l’espace mondial est une facette encore relativement peu étudiée de la mondialisation, à l’exception des économistes. Pourtant, la géographie est particulièrement bien outillée pour apporter une contribution décisive dans ce domaine. L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en œuvre un modèle d’interaction spatiale, fondé sur un calcul de probabilité, afin de faire apparaître des ensembles de pays qui entretiennent des relations commerciales bilatérales privilégiées. L’indicateur obtenu est décliné sous deux formes afin d’éviter certains biais liés à la taille des pays considérés et à la valeur de leur commerce de marchandises relativement au commerce mondial. La cartographie des résultats à deux périodes relativement éloignées (1992-1994 et 2004-2006) permet de vérifier la validité de l’hypothèse d’un processus de régionalisation en cours. La méthode retenue nous amène à localiser des ensembles régionaux de grande taille et met en lumière l’évolution de leurs limites et de leur organisation interne. Des comparaisons entre le processus d’intégration régionale en Europe et dans d’autres régions du monde sont ainsi possibles. L’analyse à l’échelle intra européenne permet enfin d’avancer l’idée qu’il vaudrait mieux parler des régionalisations que de la régionalisation en Europe.
The regionalisation of the world economy is still neglected by scholars in many academic disciplines, except by the economic sciences. Geography is well equipped (methods, concepts) to study this process. The objective of this paper is to implement a model of spatial interaction in order to outline large regional groupings composed of contiguous countries linked by strong bilateral trade relations. The proposed indicator is used in two ways in order to overcome bias due to the size of the considered countries and to the value of their trade in goods in total world trade. Due to the cartographic representation of the indicator at two different periods (1992-1994 and 2004-2006), it is possible to check whether the process of regionalisation is still in progress. This method outlines several large economic regional groupings in different parts of the world. It reveals the evolution of their limits and of their internal structure. On this basis, it becomes possible to compare the process of regional integration in Europe and in other world regions. Several main conclusions can be drawn: European regional integration involves a portion of space much larger than Europe itself; there are strong differences between Europe and other world regions as regards the process of regionalisation, whether in terms of the evolution of their external limits and of their internal structure; and there is not a single process of regionalisation in Europe but several processes of sub-regional integration.
Date
2010-01-06
Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Identifier
oai:revues.org:geocarrefour/7383
urn:doi:10.4000/geocarrefour.7383
http://geocarrefour.revues.org/7383
Copyright/License
© Géocarrefour
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