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La muerte bajo sospecha: procedimientos judiciales frente al suicidio, Chile, 1832-1920

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Author(s)
Fabregat Peredo, Mario
Keywords
suicide
Chile
19th-20th centuries
justice
suicidio
Chile
siglos 19-20
justicia

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1219400
Online Access
http://nuevomundo.revues.org/68654
Abstract
El presente trabajo aborda el fenómeno del suicidio a partir de un conjunto de casos ocurridos en Chile, principalmente en las ciudades de Santiago, Talca y Copiapó, frente a los cuales la Justicia desarrolló una investigación sumaria que activó una serie de procedimientos indagatorios, entre ellos, la constatación del hecho por parte de la policía, la identificación de los testigos, la ejecución de las autopsias y, finalmente, el establecimiento de la causa precisa y necesaria de la muerte. A lo largo de este proceso y dada la evolución histórica de la sociedad, en la mayoría de los casos correspondientes al siglo XIX el suicida fue configurado como un sujeto pecador que cometía un crimen contra Dios, situación que comenzó a transformarse a principios del siglo XX cuando la Justicia utilizó la medicina legal como principal agente esclarecedor. En este tránsito del suicida, de sujeto pecador a objeto de estudio, se mantuvo, sin embargo, la connotación de que esta acción transgredía todas las normas morales y sociales establecidas, aunque judicialmente no existía ninguna forma de sanción.
This paper addresses the experience of suicide from a set of Chilean court cases from the cities of Santiago, Talca and Copiapo, in which justice opened an investigatory procedure, which activated new practices related to the appreciation of the circumstance by police, the recognition of witnesses, the execution of autopsies and finally, the identification of the cause of death. Nineteenth century cases show that throughout this process, and given the historical development of society, the suicidal person was presented as a sinner who committed a crime against God. This situation began to change in the early twentieth century when forensic medicine started to be used in justice as a clarifying agent. In this transition of the suicidal person, from sinner to an object of study, it remained, however, the idea that the suicidal action broke all-moral and social standards, despite there were no legal sanction.
Date
2015-12-08
Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Identifier
oai:revues.org:nuevomundo/68654
urn:doi:10.4000/nuevomundo.68654
http://nuevomundo.revues.org/68654
Copyright/License
© Tous droits réservés
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