Dojenje v različnih kulturah

Abstract

Uvod: Dojenje je najbolj naraven in idealen način hranjenja dojenčka. Dandanes z velikim porastom selitev ljudje s seboj prinesejo tudi svojo kulturo, navade in običaje. Če hočemo zagotoviti kulturno kompetentno zdravstveno nego je pomembno, da poznamo vsaj bistvene lastnosti posameznih kultur. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti dojenje v različnih svetovnih kulturah. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom literature. Literatura je bila iskana od aprila 2016 do junija 2017 v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, Science Direct, Web of Science, SAGE Journals Online ter Google Scholar in Dikul. Rezultati: Med pregledovanjem literature se je izkazalo, da se pripadniki večine kultur zaveda pomembnosti dojenja, vendar vseeno prihaja do večjih odstopanj pri uporabi kolostruma. Našli smo nekaj različnih običajev, ki spremljajo rojstvo novorojenčka, razlike pa se kažejo tudi v samem trajanju dojenja med posameznimi kulturami. Razprava in sklep: Ljudje iz različnih kultur s seboj prinesejo tudi različna prepričanja, ki so lahko drugačna od trenutno prevladujočih pričakovanj, razumevanja in splošnega zavedanja. Poznavanje različnih kultur ter njihovih prepričanj bi za zdravstveno nego pomenilo doseganje boljšega partnerskega odnosa med medicinsko sestro in otročnico ter hitrejše okrevanje po porodu.

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the most natural and ideal way of feeding a newborn. When migrating, people bring their culture and habits with themselves. If we want to ensure culturally competent health care, it is important to know at least basic characteristics of different cultures. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma is to present breastfeeding in different cultures across the world. Work methods: We used descriptive work method with the examination of literature. The search of the literature was conducted from April 2016 to June 2017 in databases CINAHL, Science Direct, SAGE Journals Online, Google Scholar and Dikul. Results: The literature examination showed that the majority of the cultures realise the importance of breastfeeding, but there are still major discrepancies when it comes to the use of colostrum. We found quite a few different habits and behavioral differences connected to the birth of an infant and the duration of breastfeeding. Discussion and resolution: People from different cultures have various beliefs, that are not always the same as current expectations of the society or general consciousness. Knowledge of different cultures and their habits could add a lot to health care – better understanding between pacients and medical staff and faster recovery of patients.