顯示與標題，作者，創作者和主題相關的項目。

• Human Rights Indicators in Development : An Introduction

  McInerney-Lankford, Siobhan; Sano, Hans-Otto (World Bank, 2012-03-19)

  Human rights indicators are central to the application of human rights standards in context and relate essentially to measuring human rights realization, both qualitatively and quantitatively. They offer an empirical or evidence-based dimension to the normative content of human rights legal obligations and provide a means of connecting those obligations with empirical data and evidence and, in this way, relate to human rights accountability and the enforcement of human rights obligations. Human rights indicators are important for both assessment and diagnostic purposes: the assessment function of human rights indicators relates to their use in monitoring accountability, effectiveness, and impact; the diagnostic purpose relates to measuring the current state of human rights implementation and enjoyment in a given context, whether regional, country-specific, or local. This paper offers a preliminary review of the foregoing in the development context and a general perspective on the significance of human rights indicators for development processes and outcomes. It is not intended to be prescriptive and does not provide specific operational recommendations on the use of human rights indicators in development projects. Nor does it advocate a particular approach or mode of integrating human rights in development or argue for a rights-based approach to development. This paper is designed to provide development practitioners with a preliminary view on the possible relevance, design, and use of human rights indicators in development policy and practice. It also introduces a basic conceptual framework about the relationship between rights and development, including in the World Bank context. It then moves to methodological approaches on human rights measurement, exploring in general terms different types of human rights indicators and their potential implications for development at three levels of convergence or integration. The paper therefore offers a theoretical introduction to a complex area of growing relevance in a number of areas of development that may be of interest to practitioners and scholars in a variety of institutional settings.
• Human Rights Indicators in
 Development : An Introduction

  McInerney-Lankford, Siobhan; Sano, Hans-Otto (World Bank, 2010)

  Human rights indicators are central to
 the application of human rights standards in context and
 relate essentially to measuring human rights realization,
 both qualitatively and quantitatively. They offer an
 empirical or evidence-based dimension to the normative
 content of human rights legal obligations and provide a
 means of connecting those obligations with empirical data
 and evidence and, in this way, relate to human rights
 accountability and the enforcement of human rights
 obligations. Human rights indicators are important for both
 assessment and diagnostic purposes: the assessment function
 of human rights indicators relates to their use in
 monitoring accountability, effectiveness, and impact; the
 diagnostic purpose relates to measuring the current state of
 human rights implementation and enjoyment in a given
 context, whether regional, country-specific, or local. This
 paper offers a preliminary review of the foregoing in the
 development context and a general perspective on the
 significance of human rights indicators for development
 processes and outcomes. It is not intended to be
 prescriptive and does not provide specific operational
 recommendations on the use of human rights indicators in
 development projects. Nor does it advocate a particular
 approach or mode of integrating human rights in development
 or argue for a rights-based approach to development. This
 paper is designed to provide development practitioners with
 a preliminary view on the possible relevance, design, and
 use of human rights indicators in development policy and
 practice. It also introduces a basic conceptual framework
 about the relationship between rights and development,
 including in the World Bank context. It then moves to
 methodological approaches on human rights measurement,
 exploring in general terms different types of human rights
 indicators and their potential implications for development
 at three levels of convergence or integration. The paper
 therefore offers a theoretical introduction to a complex
 area of growing relevance in a number of areas of
 development that may be of interest to practitioners and
 scholars in a variety of institutional settings.
• Human Rights and Climate Change : A Review of the International Legal Dimensions

  Rajamani, Lavanya; McInerney-Lankford, Siobhan; Darrow, Mac (World Bank, 2012-03-19)

  The study includes a conceptual overview of the link between climate impacts and human rights, focused on the relevant legal obligations underpinning the international law frameworks governing both human rights and climate change. As such it makes a significant contribution to the global debate on climate change and human rights by offering a comprehensive analysis of the international legal dimensions of this intersection. The study helps advance an understanding of what is meant, in legal and policy terms, by the human rights impacts of climate change through examples of specific substantive rights. It gives a legal and theoretic perspective on the connection between human rights and climate change along three dimensions: first, human rights may affect the enjoyment of human rights. Second, measures to address human rights may impact the realization of rights and third, that human rights have potential relevance to policy and operational responses to climate change, and may promote resilience to climate change, including in developing countries in a way that may help sustainable development. This study effectively consolidates knowledge from the fields of international human rights law, international law governing climate change and international environmental law, building on the existing work of the United Nation (UN) office of the high commissioner on human rights, the UN human rights council and the international council on human rights policy. Although it maintains a legal focus, the study has benefited from the input of a host of international experts from other disciplines as well.