Derrida, Kant und das Zusammenspiel von Dekonstruktion und Konstruktion: Spuren einer normativen Identität der Politischen Theorie und Ideengeschichte
Author(s)
Hildalgo, OliverKeywords
PhilosophiePolitikwissenschaft
Philosophy
Political science
regulative Idee; Politischer Realismus; Schurkenstaat
Philosophie, Theologie
Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Politikwissenschaft
Philosophy, Ethics, Religion
Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Political Science
Demokratie
Souveränität
Philosophie
politische Theorie
politische Philosophie
Geschichtsphilosophie
Derrida, J.
Kant, I.
democracy
sovereignty
philosophy
political theory
political philosophy
philosophy of history
Derrida, J.
Kant, I.
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https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/61882Abstract
Kant und Derrida gelten nach herrschender Meinung als Antipoden, deren Ansätze der rationalen Konstruktion und Dekonstruktion politischer Normen gegensätzlichen Denkmodellen entspringen. Derridas begriffspolitische Analysen scheinen dabei in der Gegenwart der sich immer stärker empirisch fundierenden ‚realistischen‘ Politikwissenschaft auf den ersten Blick größere Attraktivität zu besitzen als der angeblich naive Idealismus Kants. Demgegenüber will der Beitrag zeigen, wie sich beide Perspektiven im Hinblick auf ein demokratisches, völkerrechtlich geregeltes internationales System in erstaunlicher Weise ergänzen. Die Rekonstruktion ihrer Positionen erhellt zugleich die eigentliche Charakteristik der Politischen Theorie und Ideengeschichte, in ihren divergenten Quellen und kontrovers anmutenden Texten gleichwohl ein übergreifendes Anliegen zu beinhalten. Darin fügen sich normativer Anspruch und Normkritik, legitimatorischer und reflexiver Diskurs, Begründung und Ambiguität zusammen.According to the majority view, Kant and Derrida are two antipodes whose constructive and deconstructive approach to political standards and values represent antithetic patterns of thought. In this respect, Derrida's analyses of rhetoric strategies seem to be rather in line with the current issues in political science than Kant who is essentially reputed as naive idealist with only few benefits for empirical research. In spite of this, this contribution wants to show that both thinkers have a perspective on international law and democracy which complement each other in a remarkable way. Moreover, the parallel reconstruction of ethical and political themes in Kant’s and Derrida's works does illuminate the specific character of the history of political ideas: although it consists of very different sources and controversial texts it exhibits a common sense of entitlement. Thus, within the fund of political thought, normative and critical approaches, legitimatory and reflexive discourses, justification and ambiguity are interacting.
Date
2019-03-26Type
ZeitschriftenartikelIdentifier
oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/618822196-2103
https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/61882
urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-61882-7
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Sexuated Topology and the Suspension of Meaning: A Non-Hermeneutical Phenomenological Approach to Textual AnalysisBailey, Steven (2014-07-31)This study assumes the subject's pursuit of meaning is generally incapacitating and should be suspended. It aims to demonstrate how such a suspension is theoretically accomplished by utilizing Lacan's formulae of sexuation integrated with his work in discourse theory and topology. Part I places this study into context by examining scholarship from the established fields of hermeneutics, phenomenology, (post)structuralism, aesthetic theory and psychoanalysis in order to extract out their respective theory of meaning. These theories reveal that an historical struggle with meaning has been underway since the Reformation and reaches near crisis proportions in the 20th century. On the one hand this crisis is mollified by the rise of Heideggerian-Gadamerian hermeneutical phenomenology which questions traditional epistemological approaches to the text using a new ontological conceptualization of meaning and a conscious rejection of methodology. On the other hand this crisis is exacerbated when the ubiquitous nature of meaning is itself challenged by (post)structuralism's discovery of the signifier which inscribes a limit to meaning, and by the domains of sense and nonsense newly opened up by aesthetic theory. These historical developments culminate in the field of psychoanalysis which most consequentially delimits a cause of meaning said to be closely linked to the core of subjectivity. Part II extends these findings by rigorously constructing out of the Lacanian sexuated formulae a decidedly non-hermeneutical phenomenological approach useful in demonstrating the sexual nature of meaning. Explicated in their static state by way of an account of their original derivation from the Aristotelian logical square, it is argued that these four formulae are relevant to basic concerns of textual theory inclusive of the hermeneutical circle of meaning. These formulae are then set into motion by integrating them with Lacan's four discourses to demonstrate the breakdown of meaning. Finally, the cuts and sutures of two-dimensional space that is topology as set down in L'étourdit are performed to confirm how the very field of meaning is ultimately suspended from a nonsensical singular point known in Lacanian psychoanalysis as objet a. The contention is that by occupying this point the subject frees himself from the debilitating grip of meaning.
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