Die Relevanz idealer Theorie bei der Beurteilung praktischer Probleme
Author(s)
Sirsch, JürgenKeywords
PolitikwissenschaftPhilosophie
Political science
Philosophy
ideale und nichtideale Theorie; Geuss, R.
Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Politikwissenschaft
Philosophie, Theologie
Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Political Science
Philosophy, Ethics, Religion
Ideologie
Rawls, J.
Sen, A.
politische Theorie
politische Philosophie
philosophischer Idealismus
ideology
Rawls, J.
Sen, A.
political theory
political philosophy
philosophical idealism
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https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/61933Abstract
Der Aufsatz diskutiert die adäquate Rolle idealer Theorie bei der Diskussion praktisch-politischer Fragen. Zugrunde gelegt wird eine Rekonstruktion von Rawls' idealtheoretischer Methode, um zu untersuchen, ob dieses Verständnis idealer Theorie zentralen Kritikpunkten von Raymond Geuss und Amartya Sen standhalten kann. Während Geuss bezweifelt, dass ideale Theorie geeignet ist, eine adäquate kritische Position gegenüber den bestehenden Verhältnissen einzunehmen, konzentriert sich Sens Kritik auf die praktische Nützlichkeit idealtheoretischer Modelle. Ich werde zeigen, dass Rawls' Verständnis idealer Theorie dieser Kritik standhält. Zusätzlich soll gezeigt werden, dass diese Form von idealer Theorie einen nützlichen Beitrag zur Lösung praktischer Probleme leistet.The paper discusses the adequate role of ideal theory for the discussion of practical problems. Therefore, I will reconstruct the Rawlsian understanding of the ideal-theoretical method and confront it with the critiques of Raymond Geuss and Amartya Sen. While Geuss is sceptical, whether ideal theory provides an appropriately critical perspective, Sen doubts the practical usefulness of ideal-theoretical models. It will be shown, that Rawlsian ideal theory can deal with these criticisms and that it is a useful tool for solving practical problems.
Date
2019-03-29Type
ZeitschriftenartikelIdentifier
oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/619332196-2103
https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/61933
urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-61933-1
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Sexuated Topology and the Suspension of Meaning: A Non-Hermeneutical Phenomenological Approach to Textual AnalysisBailey, Steven (2014-07-31)This study assumes the subject's pursuit of meaning is generally incapacitating and should be suspended. It aims to demonstrate how such a suspension is theoretically accomplished by utilizing Lacan's formulae of sexuation integrated with his work in discourse theory and topology. Part I places this study into context by examining scholarship from the established fields of hermeneutics, phenomenology, (post)structuralism, aesthetic theory and psychoanalysis in order to extract out their respective theory of meaning. These theories reveal that an historical struggle with meaning has been underway since the Reformation and reaches near crisis proportions in the 20th century. On the one hand this crisis is mollified by the rise of Heideggerian-Gadamerian hermeneutical phenomenology which questions traditional epistemological approaches to the text using a new ontological conceptualization of meaning and a conscious rejection of methodology. On the other hand this crisis is exacerbated when the ubiquitous nature of meaning is itself challenged by (post)structuralism's discovery of the signifier which inscribes a limit to meaning, and by the domains of sense and nonsense newly opened up by aesthetic theory. These historical developments culminate in the field of psychoanalysis which most consequentially delimits a cause of meaning said to be closely linked to the core of subjectivity. Part II extends these findings by rigorously constructing out of the Lacanian sexuated formulae a decidedly non-hermeneutical phenomenological approach useful in demonstrating the sexual nature of meaning. Explicated in their static state by way of an account of their original derivation from the Aristotelian logical square, it is argued that these four formulae are relevant to basic concerns of textual theory inclusive of the hermeneutical circle of meaning. These formulae are then set into motion by integrating them with Lacan's four discourses to demonstrate the breakdown of meaning. Finally, the cuts and sutures of two-dimensional space that is topology as set down in L'étourdit are performed to confirm how the very field of meaning is ultimately suspended from a nonsensical singular point known in Lacanian psychoanalysis as objet a. The contention is that by occupying this point the subject frees himself from the debilitating grip of meaning.
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