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Diagnóstico diferencial entre experiências espirituais e psicóticas não patológicas e transtornos mentais: uma contribuição de estudos latino-americanos para o CID-11 Differential diagnosis between non-pathological psychotic and spiritual experiences and mental disorders: a contribution from Latin American studies to the ICD-11

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Author(s)
Alexander Moreira-Almeida
Etzel Cardeña
Keywords
Transtornos psicóticos
Espiritualidade
Diagnóstico diferencial
Classificação
Psychotic disorders
Spirituality
Diagnosis, differential
Classification
Psychiatry
RC435-571
Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system
RC346-429
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
RC321-571
Internal medicine
RC31-1245
Medicine
R
DOAJ:Psychiatry
DOAJ:Medicine (General)
DOAJ:Health Sciences
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1499647
Online Access
https://doaj.org/article/918b13596edc44f3a5b4ef3aac7dc2af
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Contribuir para a validade da Classificação Internacional de Doenças-11ª edição no diagnóstico diferencial entre experiências espirituais/anômalas e transtornos mentais revisando artigos de pesquisa sobre o tema em psiquiatria e psicologia envolvendo populações latino-americanas e/ou produzidos por pesquisadores latino-americanos. MÉTODO: Pesquisa em bases de dados (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and SciELO) por meio de palavras-chave (possessão, transe, experiência religiosa, experiência espiritual, Latin, Brazil) em busca de artigos com dados psicológicos e psiquiátricos originais em experiências espirituais. Também foram analisadas as referências dos artigos selecionados e autores na área foram contactados em busca de dados e referências adicionais. RESULTADOS: Há evidências consistentes que experiências psicóticas e anômalas são frequentes na população geral e que em sua maioria não estão relacionadas a transtornos psicóticos. Frequentemente, experiências espirituais envolvem experiências dissociativas e psicóticas de caráter não patológico. Embora as experiências espirituais não estejam habitualmente relacionadas a transtornos mentais, elas podem causar sofrimento transitório e são frequentemente relatadas por pacientes psicóticos. CONCLUSÃO: Propomos algumas características que sugerem a natureza não patológica de uma dada experiência espiritual: ausência de sofrimento, de prejuízo funcional ou ocupacional, compatibilidade com o contexto cultural do paciente, aceitação da experiência por outros, ausência de comorbidades psiquiátricas, controle sobre a experiência e crescimento pessoal ao longo do tempo.<br>OBJECTIVE: To review research articles in psychiatry and psychology involving Latin American populations and/or produced by Latin American scholars to investigate the differential diagnosis between spiritual/anomalous experiences and mental disorders in order to contribute to the validity of the International Classification of Diseases towards its 11th edition in this area. METHOD: We searched electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and SciELO) using relevant keywords (possession, trance, religious experience, spiritual experience, latin, Brazil) for articles with original psychiatric and psychological data on spiritual experiences. We also analyzed the references of the articles found and contacted authors for additional references and data. RESULTS: There is strong evidence that psychotic and anomalous experiences are frequent in the general population and that most of them are not related to psychotic disorders. Often, spiritual experiences involve non-pathological dissociative and psychotic experiences. Although spiritual experiences are not usually related to mental disorders, they may cause transient distress and are commonly reported by psychotic patients. CONCLUSION: We propose some features that suggest the non-pathological nature of a spiritual experience: lack of suffering, lack of social or functional impairment, compatibility with the patient's cultural background and recognition by others, absence of psychiatric comorbidities, control over the experience, and personal growth over time.
Date
2011-05-01
Type
Article
Identifier
oai:doaj.org/article:918b13596edc44f3a5b4ef3aac7dc2af
10.1590/S1516-44462011000500004
1516-4446
1809-452X
https://doaj.org/article/918b13596edc44f3a5b4ef3aac7dc2af
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