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From the Zapotecs to the Aztecs: The Day of the Dead and the Cosmic and Shamanic Phantoms of Malcolm LowryOn the basis of a recent field-trip to Mexico, this paper advances the thesis of my 2009 Malcolm Lowry Centenary International Conference paper on ‘Souls and Shamans’ presented at UBC, Vancouver which considered the cultural, psychological, and spiritual links between Lowry’s cosmic, terrestrial, subterranean, and aquatic world-views. In assessing the interface between the material and spiritual domains perceived by both the Aztecs and the Oaxacan Zapotecs, it examines the subconscious dimensions of the Mexican Day of the Dead festival witnessed by Malcolm Lowry in 1936. It investigates anthropological, cultural, and ethnographic influences, dating back to pre-Columbian, Mesoamerican rituals, reflected in Under the Volcano (1947), Dark as the Grave Wherein My Friend is Laid (1968), La Mordida (1996), and The Forest Path to the Spring (1961). In establishing Lowry’s preoccupation with seeking atonement with the spirits of the dead and his recognition of the need to repent for the debts of the past and for the sins of mankind, synergies are made with the cosmic, shamanic, and animist concepts of the universe, expressed by the divine consciousness of the Zapotec and Aztec civilizations.
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En la vorágine de la imaginación romántica de Malcolm Lowry: La expiación de La MordidaThis updated paper - translated into Mexican Spanish - analyses Malcolm Lowry, La Mordida in terms of its provision of redemption and atonement for the debts of the past. It also traces various English, European, and American literary influences on Lowry's novel, as well as that of Walter Benjamin.
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In the Maelstrom of Malcolm Lowry’s Romantic Imagination: The Atonement of La MordidaThis updated paper analyses the way in which Malcolm Lowry's La Mordida provides atonement and redemption for the debts of the past experienced in Mexico both by its author and its main character who symbolizes the plight of the writer. It also traces various English, European, and American literary influences (including that of Walter Benjamin) on Lowry.