Ekonomi-Politik Hutan Kemasyarakatan

Abstract

This article discusses the management of forest as economical resource related to the people or communities around the forest. The main problem in managing forest, especially in Java, is that local communities living around the forest are less involved. Meanwhile, it is clear that local communities depend heavily on forest resources. So, when the forest is not accessible for them, their continuity of life is threatened. Managing forest resources together with community (PHBM) is a new pattern for forest management in Java. The principle of this pattern is collectiveness between local communities and Perum Perhutani with other sides that have interest using the spirit of sharing (right and obligation). The relation formed in such pattern is based on modern way of working in which work division and functional specification are implemented. Labor is distributed into work division functionally. The problem occurs because positions in modern way of working implemented in PHBM are determinate by the contribution of production factors. The are 4 production factors in PHBM such as capital, land/location, technology, and labor. These influences significantly on relation of production. Capital is accounted as the most important factor in all production processes. The bigger capital contributed by a person, the higher position of the person in PHBM. Economic-political approach tries to see political tendency in PHBM from economical point of view. Discourse launched by PHBM is welfare for local communities through participation of the communities in managing forest. At glance, the principle of sharing indicated that the potency of welfare for communities can be realized, but if the proportion shared for communities is too low, 25 % of the value and proportion of production factors, the welfare will be more difficult to be reached. From PHBM point of view, the possible production factors that can be given by communities is only “labor”.