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L’habitat spontané comme un outil de développement urbain. Le cas de Bangkok Spontaneous Housing as a Tool for Urban Development, the Case of Bangkok

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Author(s)
Fanny Gerbeaud
Keywords
Bangkok
spontaneous housing
slum community
public participation
urban development
incremental architecture
Bangkok
habitat spontané
communauté de bidonville
participation publique
développement urbain
architecture incrémentielle
Social sciences (General)
H1-99
Social Sciences
H
DOAJ:Social Sciences
History of Asia
DS1-937
History (General) and history of Europe
D
DOAJ:History
DOAJ:History and Archaeology
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1604206
Online Access
https://doaj.org/article/1d19d268c0594717966399ac849ef91a
Abstract
En Thaïlande, les ensembles d’habitat spontané s’étendent à toute la capitale, malgré des politiques publiques qui visent à les contrer. Ce sont aujourd’hui de véritables morceaux de ville qui dynamisent l’espace urbain, car étroitement liés à l’identité et à l’histoire de la ville. L’opposition entre habitat spontané et « logement formel », fréquente tant dans les productions scientifiques que dans les représentations, mérite donc d���être interrogée à Bangkok. À partir d’une analyse spatiale et architecturale, nous avons abordé l’habitat spontané comme une manière de fabriquer la ville centrée sur l’appropriation : au moins sous trois formes (habitat spontané pur, ancien, greffé), il assure par sa flexibilité la continuité du tissu urbain et s’y assimile progressivement. Si pour les autorités locales les communautés de bidonvilles demeurent un signe de sous-développement, certains architectes et acteurs y voient une source d’inspiration ainsi qu’un patrimoine populaire à préserver. Une métropolisation accrue et la mondialisation des échanges économiques, culturels, politiques, amènent de nouvelles modalités de négociation de l’espace urbain qui redéfinissent le statut de l’habitat spontané. Avec l’apparition de nouvelles professions (architecte des communautés) et orientations dans la manière de concevoir des projets urbains (processus participatif notamment), l’habitat spontané s’affirme peu à peu comme un outil de développement de la capitale.<br>In Thailand, despite some public policies, spontaneous settlements spread all over the city. Closely related to the city’s history and identity they are nowadays real dynamic neighbourhoods. The opposition between spontaneous housing and “formal housing”, common in both the scientific publications and representations, is yet to be questioned in Bangkok. Through an architectural and spatial analysis, we approached the spontaneous settlements as a construction process based on appropriation : at least three forms of spontaneous housing (pure, ancient and “grafted”) integrate progressively the urban fabric and ensure by its flexibility its continuity. If, for local authorities, slum communities remain a sign of underdevelopment, some architects and actors see it as a source of inspiration and a popular heritage to preserve. In this context, the growing metropolization and the globalization of economical, cultural and political exchanges bring new ways of negotiating urban space, redefining the status of the settlements. With the emergence of new professions (community architect) and directions in urban planning projects (in particular the participatory process) informal settlements gradually become a tool for the development of the capital.
Date
2011-10-01
Type
Article
Identifier
oai:doaj.org/article:1d19d268c0594717966399ac849ef91a
1620-3224
https://doaj.org/article/1d19d268c0594717966399ac849ef91a
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