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International Journal of Sino-Western Studies (IJS, 1799-8204) is a Chinese-English bilingual academic journal, which is published twice a year in June and December in Finland by the Nordic Forum of Sino-Western Studies. It is published simultaneously in printed and electronic online versions. We aim at encouraging Sino-Western dialogue, research, and enhancement of scholarly activities, e.g, conferences, student & scholar exchange, academic essay prize, and publication. As part of its publication programs, the Forum publishes a new Chinese-English bilingual journal to promote Sino-Western Studies internationally. IJS is indexed by Scopus, Emerging Science Citation Index.
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The Globethics library contains no.1, 2011 to vol.22(2022)
Nordic Forum of Sino- Western Studies ; Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivates 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0)
Recent Submissions
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The last remaining Jesuit in China after suppression in EuropeThis paper will attempt to show the Jesuits’ situation in China and Russia through Fr Louis de Poirot (1735–1813 賀清泰)’s life. He was the last remaining Jesuit in China (the new Jesuits returned to mainland China on 11 June 1842), and was a link between the Old Jesuits and New Jesuits.The first section will introduce his life in the Chinese court. He was the last of the Western painters who worked for Qianlong along with Father Giuseppe Panzi. The two painters replaced the more famous fathers Giuseppe Castiglione and Jean-Denis Attiret. He was also in charge of the translation between Latin and Manchu for the diplomatic correspondence between Pekin and Saint Petersburg. He was the first to translate most of the Bible into Chinese and Manchu. The paper will show the attitude of Chinese Emperor and other official’s attitude to the suppression, Did they even care about the suppression of the Jesuits? What’s of any concern to them? The second section will present a precious letter received from Father General Brzozowski written on Sept. 25, 1806 with the help of the Russian ecclesiastical mission. Father General Brzozowski asked whether Fr Louis de Poirot had received Gruber’s permission to rejoin the Society and to enquire about the situation of the other fathers in China and the Chinese church. He also mentioned their attemption to enter China and the Jesuits’ situation all over the world.
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Domingo Fernández de Navarrete’s views on Chinese religion, a Spanish Dominican to ChinaAs a famous Spanish missionary and humanist in China in the seventeenth century, Domingo Fernández de Navarrete paid special attention to the religious and ideological issues of the Chinese Empire. In his book Tratados históricos, políticos, éticos y religiosos de la monarquía de China, Volumes II, III and IV specialized research and commentary on various forms of religion in China. In particular, he not only annotated and translated Confucian classics, but also translated from Latin the unpublished manuscript Respvesta Breve, written by the Jesuit priest Niccolo Longobardi., into spanish, and was also included in the Tratados, becoming the fifth volume of the book. Based on the contents of these four volumes, this article attempts to show Domingo Fernández de Navarrete ‘s cognition of Chinese religious thought as much as possible, in order to further explore Domingo Fernández de Navarrete’s Sinology thought.
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The imperial astronomical bureau and the official Catholics community during the late Ming and early Qing dynastiesDuring the late Ming Dynasty, with the establishment of the Calendar Bureau (历局) by Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) and the recommendation of missionaries and Catholics to take part in the revision of the calendar, the Imperial Astronomical Bureau (钦天监) became an important institution for missionaries to stay in China and played an important role in the dissemination and development of Catholicism. Until the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Imperial Astronomical Bureau became a government office with the most official Catholics. Missionaries were not only in charge of the calendar revision, but also converted the officials and astrology students into Catholics through active preaching. The missionaries of the Imperial Astronomical Bureau provided protection for missionaries all over the country, and retired officials returned to their homes to continue spreading Catholicism. Even during the prohibition period, missionaries still stayed and worked in the Imperial Astronomical Bureau. The formation of the community of official Catholics in the Imperial Astronomical Bureau could be regarded as the embodiment of the Catholic preaching through sciences during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. There are many studies on Adam von Bell (1591-1666) and Ferdinand Verbiest (1623-1688), but less on the official Catholics in the Imperial Astronomical Bureau. This article tried to illustrate the basic situation of the official Catholics during the late Ming and early Qing, by discussing the relationship between the Bureau and Catholicism, and analyzes the historical influences of preaching through the Bureau and the sciences.
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梵蒂冈图书馆所藏的明清天主教中文文献 = Documents from Ming and Qing Western studies and Chinese books in the Vatican libraryIn the research on the history of cultural exchanges between China and the West during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the collection and arrangement of Chinese literature in Western studies is a basic academic work. In recent years, Chinese books of Ming and Qing Dynasties have been published successively in the Jesuit Library, the National Library of Paris, and the Xujiahui Library. The Vatican Library is currently the library with the largest collection of Chinese literature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This paper studies the sources of Chinese books of Western learning in the Vatican Library, and preliminarily shows the basic characteristics of the Chinese books of Western learning in the Ming and Qing Dynasties stored in the Vatican Library.
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John Gerson and the foundations of mystical theologyAmong other contributions, Jean Gerson (1363-1429) has played a decisive role in establishing spiritual theology as an experimental science, the foundation and process of which are independent from the ones of dogmatic theology, even if their results need to eventually coincide. Based, as all works in the field, on Pseudo-Dionysius, Gerson’s De theologia mystica (written between 1402 and 1423) developed an epistemology of mystical knowledge, itself grounded upon an anthropology describing how humankind’s cognitive and affective powers operate together. Gerson’s work played a major role in the development of French, and more largely, modern approach to mysticism.
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An analysis of the multiple-interaction characteristics of Christian indigenization in the ethnic minority areas of Southwest China : a case study of the Lahu funeral ceremony in G county of Southwest YunnanChristian indigenization in the ethnic minority areas of Southwest China is part of the culture change of the ethnic minorities. There appear in the Lahu funeral culture the changes of cremation and ground burial being practiced in parallel, erecting a cross and at the same time building a tomb and setting up a tombstone of typical Han style. Furthermore, the traditional Lahu concept of “the souls returning to the land of the ancestors” is found being replaced by or mixed with concepts of “the souls going to heaven” and “the souls residing in the tomb”. These changes reflect that Christian indigenization in the ethnic minority areas of Southwest China is not a two-way interaction of Christianity and the culture of a specific ethnic minority, but the multiple interaction and fusion of Christianity, the culture of the ethnic minority and cultures of the surrounding peoples.
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The economic ethic in Chinese society : differences from and similarities to the Western economic ethic from the perspective of social cooperationUsing game theory and transaction cost theory, religion or the religious ethic is converted to a system that provides ethical support and interpretation for various types of social cooperation and supports their equilibrium either partially or completely. From the perspective of the social cooperation ethic, the economic ethic of modern society may be viewed as a “partial equilibrium” that comprises the horizontal cooperation ethic (commerce or market) and the vertical cooperation ethic (the internal power in an enterprise). In this regard, Weber strongly interpreted the causes and processes of the differentiation and independence of the modern economic ethic of the West as “partial equilibrium” from “overall equilibrium.” However, the economic ethic in Chinese society has been different and has always maintained a close association with “overall equilibrium,” and its expression and symbolism have undergone a change in process from the local god of Sheji (社稷神, god of state) to local Chenghuang gods (城隍神, city gods) to nationwide popular general gods.
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始同终异：近代在华天主教与基督新教的宿怨新隙 = The same origin and different roads : the old and recent hatred between Catholicism and Protestantism in Modern ChinaIn modern China, with the signing of a series of unequal treaties, there were constant disputes between Catholicism and Protestantism in order to fight for missionary authority, missionary regions and discourse power. As a modern Catholic Chinese Jesuit, Li Wenyu（1840- 1911） had written many works on the relationship between the two denominations to defend for Catholicism. In the terms of the content, most of the works are the continuation of the sectarian argument triggered by the Reformation, concentrating mainly on the discussion of doctrines, rituals, the Bible and so on. However, few researches are concerned about new missionary issues such as Missionary cases or a type of inseparable connection between missionaries and Western Powers and they are just a kind of passive response to other people’s queries. In the way of Apologetics methods, he once used traditional Chinese culture to explain the doctrines of Catholicism whereas it only occupied a little part. On most occasions, he interpreted doctrines through the Bible directly. By reviewing the relevant works of him, it can be seen that the modern Chinese Catholicism represented by Li Wenyu paid more attention to the enmities caused by differences in beliefs or doctrines instead of new problems arose in missionary work.
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A Thomistic argumentation on creationism in Late Ming China: First juan of the explanation on the Great Being (Huanyou quan), 1628Creationism is an important feature of Christianity but seems very foreign to Chinese philosophy. This paper examines an early attempt of introducing a metaphysical account of creationism in Huanyou quan (1628) by the Portuguese Jesuit Francisco Furtado and the Chinese scholar Li Zhizao. It investigates the sources drawn from the works of Thomas Aquinas and reconstructs the choices made by the two authors in their translation. Finally, it suggests that Thomistic creationism bears similarities with Chinese philosophy.
