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探寻道德原则 建立整合模式

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探寻道德原则建立整合模式中国当代伦理文化建设系列研究.pdf
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Author(s)
肖, 雪慧
Keywords
伙伴关系
互利原则
公平原则
移情力
互惠性
双向性
伦理本位的转移
GE Subjects
Methods of ethics
Philosophical ethics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/165545
Abstract
社会转型之际的道德空场导致了普遍的行为失范。欲重建人们正常交往与活动的基础,须以若干合乎理性的道德原则来奠定新伦理文化基本框架,并提供给人们一个在精神上和行为上可以共守的整合模式。本文认为,合理的原则产生于对道德关系的理性认识。着眼于个人与社会以及人与人这两类道德关系的调节,公正原则基于个人与社会之间关系本身所具有的双向性而超越集体主义与个人主义之争,并力避二者片面性,力趋对个人和社会均有所保障又均有所约束;互利原则超越利己与利他之两极性,它由人类道德生活中自发的健康倾向(即以互惠的义务在社会成员内部建立秩序)发展、提炼而来。公正原则和互利原则为处理社会道德关系奠定了全理性基础,但仅此不够。伙伴关系原则基于人类共保、进化中达成的默契,适用于难以进行权衡和计算的情境和领域,维系着人类必要的情感联系和相应的人类公德。它与公正和互利相互凭借和补充,并以不同的功能、特性、调节范围和侧重在社会生活中形成一种张力。这些原则既给人们处理复杂的社会道德问题以必要指导,又给人的自主选择留有充分余地从而决不限制个人面临挑战性情境时作出创造性反应。由此形成的道德构架可使人们对彼此行为抱有合理的预测和期待,并有望引导一种健康的相互关系。
Date
1998-04
Type
Article
Copyright/License
With permission of the license/copyright holder
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