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Faut-il en finir avec le développement durable ? Regard sur les zones humides méditerranéennes

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Author(s)
Mathevet, Raphaël
Keywords
Philosophy
applied ethics
normative ethics
GE Subjects
Methods of ethics
Community ethics
Philosophical ethics
Ethnicity and ethics
Minority ethics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/172608
Abstract
RÉSUMÉ A partir de projets de conservation de la biodiversité ou de gestion intégrée des zones humides méditerranéennes, cet article montre que le développement durable de ces milieux relève avant tout d’une réflexion politique sur le maldéveloppement. Les projets de conservation de la biodiversité tentent de concilier conservation et développement avec divers succès. Parmi les obstacles, la réduction de la ressource en eau douce s’ajoute aux inégalités sociales et à la pauvreté. Favoriser et gérer les changements institutionnels, accroître le capital social des parties prenantes, apprendre et décider collectivement, constituent les éléments clés du développement durable.Il existe encore de nombreuses disparités dans les processus démocratiques aux échelles locales,régionales et nationales,mais un développement participatif est proposé. En étant davantage centré sur les besoins des populations locales que sur la croissance économique,en étant plus réflexif,en plaçant la critique de la science et la co-construction de projets au coeur du processus, le développement participatif des zones humides méditerranéennes peut offrir une alternative aux approches qui ont prévalues jusqu’à présent. Le développement durable des zones humides méditerranéennes est encore possible s’il accroît la capacité d’adaptation des systèmes sociaux et écologiques afin de repousser toute irréversibilité. ABSTRACT Based on biodiversity conservation projects or integrated management projects of the Mediterranean wetlands, this paper shows that their sustainable development mainly depends on a political thinking about misdevelopment. The biodiversity conservation projects try with various successes to conciliate conservation and development. Amongst the problems, the decrease of the fresh water resource is added to the social disparity and the poverty.Promoting and managing institutional changes,increasing the stakeholders’social capital,learning and collectively deciding are the main keys of sustainable development. Many disparities still exist in the democratic processes at the local,regional and national levels but a participative development is suggested. More centered on the needs of local communities than on economic growth, being more reflexive, and setting the science’s critic and the co-construction of projects at the heart of the process, this participative development may offer an alternative to the prevalent approaches that were used until now. The sustainable development of the Mediterranean wetlands is still promising if it increases the adaptive capacity of both social and ecological systems in order to reject any irreversibility.
Date
2006
Type
Article
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With permission of the license/copyright holder
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