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O existencial da liberdade [The Existential of Freedom]

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Author(s)
Utz, Konrad
Keywords
freedom
The State
democracy
Philosophy
GE Subjects
Political ethics
Ethics of political systems

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/174307
Abstract
O artigo tenciona atualizar alguns aspectos fundamentais da Filosofi a Prática de Hegel com vistas à discussão atual sobre a democracia. Hegel oferece uma alternativa à compreensão básica do Político nos grandes debates fi losófi cos atuais. Para ele, a sociedade civil e o estado não são, em primeiro lugar, espaços onde diferentes formas de poder são exercidas, cujas estruturas devem ser debatidas. Antes disso, o Político é o espaço da auto-efetivação de sujeitos na sua auto-compreensão como seres livres. Essa auto-compreensão precisa ser articulada pela fi losofi a. A discussão das formas de governo e das estruturas das instituições públicas só pode ser iniciada a partir disso. Essa compreensão de si mesmo que determina toda a vivência dos sujeitos ético-políticos é chamada aqui de “existencial da liberdade”: um existencial racional, comunitário e intersubjetivo. Este existencial articula-se como amor na família, como honra profi ssional na sociedade civil, e, fi nalmente e mais perfeitamente, como patriotismo no estado, i.e., como “patriotismo da liberdade”. No fi nal do artigo, algumas consequências concretas dessa interpretação da teoria hegeliana para nossa compreensão da democracia contemporânea são explicadas. Palavras-chave: Hegel, estado, liberdade, democracia, existencial, partiotismo. // The article’s aim is to explain how some of the fundamental ideas of Hegel’s practical philosophy can be fruitful for our actual discussions on democracy. Hegel offers an approach to the comprehension of the political sphere as a whole which is different from the one that dominates actual debates. For him, the main question is not power, its legitimating and its structures. In the first place, the political sphere is the realm of the realization of freedom, that is, of the self-realization of subjects which is guided fundamentally by their self-comprehension as free beings. This is what political philosophy has to articulate first. Forms of government and institutional structures can be discussed only afterwards, parting from a clear conception of what is called here the “Existential of Freedom”. This is a rational, communitarian an inter-subjective Existential, which articulates itself as love in the realm of family life, as professional honour in the realm of civil society and as patriotism in the realm of the state – a form of patriotism which, therefore, could justly be called “Patriotism of Freedom”. At the end, the article discusses some concrete consequences this interpretation of Hegel bears on our comprehension of modern democracy. Key-words: Hegel, state, freedom, democracy, existential, patriotism.
Date
2009-12-01
Type
Article
Copyright/License
Creative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)
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