Hisab Hakiki Model Muhammad Wardan

Abstract

This article tries to study about calculation (hisab) model developed by Muhammad Wardan to formulate a National Hijriyah Calendar. Muhammad Wardan is one the designers of the concept of Wujudul hilal. This concept was built by combining normative and empirical level (middle way) between the system of hisab ijitima’ qabla al-ghurub and imkan al-ru’yah. This combination was also named as middle way between pure hisab and pure rukyat. Due to this type of concept, the renewal thought of Muhammad Wardan to decide the beginning of Qamariyah month was quite original at that time. Therefore, Wardan’s theory of wujudul hilal is still used until nowadays especially by Muhammadiyah people. However, it is significant to note that the thought of Wardan does not perfectly answer the problem of National Hijriyah Calendar, i.e., to decide the Westest and Eastest points of a region or a country to start or end the month of Ramadlan.