A partire dal singolare: la ripresa del giudizio riflettente

Abstract

In questo nostro intervento avremo modo di soffermarci sulla possibilità di tenere assieme sia la scienza medica sia la libertà di scelta della persona, avendo come tramite il giudizio riflettente kantiano ripreso da autori come Hannah Arendt e Paul Ricœur. Ci pare, infatti, che sia davvero necessario porre al centro del dibattito la possibilità di far crescere questa sinergia fra le diverse discipline, elaborando un approccio che si collochi nell'etica del rispetto, la quale sottende un'epistemologia che accredita come valida la conoscenza del particolare, cominciando ad introdurre il tema della libertà in relazione allo statuto epistemologico delle scienze.

In the contemporary age there are many different types of approach, but we can reduce them to these two opposite poles: science and its objective knowledge against the existential dimension of the human subject. In addition to this, hyper-specialisation produces a strong separation in the same branch of knowledge and dialogue from one field of research to another is greatly lacking, because everyone only concentrates on his study area without applying a more open vision. Luckily, bioethics adopts an interdisciplinary view and in this way we can have a link through the different areas of the knowledge. In this article, we start to explain the importance of Kant's Reflective Judgment with its political, juridical and medical retakes, which were formulated by Hannah Arendt and Paul Ricœur. Finally, through the concepts of common law and exemplarity, we introduce an argument about the possibility of making an epistemological and scientific debate starting from the singular level and with an approach which considers both the aspects of freedom of choice and the respect for a person's life, but without descending into a relativism perspective.