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功利主义与刑讯逼供[Utilitarianism and forced confession]

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Author(s)
张, 品泽
李, 岩峰
Keywords
political ethics
GE Subjects
Political ethics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/179239
Abstract
人类行为中总是存在着这样一种现象:倾向于做那些能给自己带来实惠、好处、快乐、利 益或幸福的事情,而不愿意或逃避做那些可能使本身遭受损害、痛苦、祸患或不幸的事 情。对个人是如此,对一些像国家、机构、组织、团体等这样的共同体也是如此。这种现 象在法哲学上称之为功利主义或功利原理。发现该现象(原理)的杰出代表是英国的杰里 米·边沁。因此,当一项行动增大共同体幸福的倾向大于它减少这一幸福的倾向时,它就 可以说是符合功利主义(原理);当一项政府措施(这只是一种特殊的行动,由特殊的人 去做)之增大共同体幸福倾向大于它减小这一幸福的倾向时,也可以说是符合或服从功利 主义(原理);当一项行动或特别是一项政府措施,被个人设想为符合功利主义(原 理),那么,为论述方便起见,可以想象有一类法规或命令,被称之为功利的法规或命 令,并且如此谈论有关行为,把它当做符合这样的法规或命令;如果一个人对任何行动或 措施的赞许或非难,是由他认为它增大或减小共同体幸福的倾向来决定并与之相称的,或 者说,由它是符合功利的法规或命令来决定并与之相称的,这个人就可以说是功利主义 (原理)的信徒。
Date
2003-05-12
Type
Article
Copyright/License
With permission of the license/copyright holder
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Globethics Library Submissions
Chinese Ethics / 中文伦理

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