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论社会公正与自由的关系

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On_the_Relation_between_Social ...
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Author(s)
顾, 肃
Keywords
freedom
unity
substantive justice
procedural justice
GE Subjects
Methods of ethics
Community ethics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/185329
Abstract
自由的本义是不受限制和阻碍,政治哲学中的自由概念具有明确的含义,它并不 离开常识很远,主要指社会制度所加于个人的限制的范围应尽可能小,并且以合理性为条件, 重要的是向选择性开放。罗尔斯等政治哲学家对自由都作过详细的论述,包括自由与平等、自 由与法律的关系,以及只能以更大的自由为理由来限制当下的自由。一方面,服从良法可以捍 卫公民的自由,但另一方面,正如洛克所说,法律的目的不是否弃或限制自由,而是保护并扩 大自由。法律与自由在此原则基础上一致了起来,不应片面地只强调一个方面。自由与社会整 合关系密切,不尊重公民个人自由选择权的整合是表面的、难以持久,真正的社会团结是以负 责任的个人的充分自由选择为基础的。中国改革开放的实践是扩大公民自由选择权、加强社会 整合的一个实例。自由与公正关系密切,公正分为实质公正和程序公正,实质公正强调的是分 配结果的平等,而程序公正则要求分配标准的普适性,同等情况同等对待。程序公正看起来比 实质公正具有更大的可行性,强调的是竞争起点的平等。就可行性而言,以程序公正为主、实 质公正为辅,看起来是更现实合理的分配方式。
Date
2004
Type
Article
Copyright/License
With permission of the license/copyright holder
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Chinese Ethics / 中文伦理

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