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从伦理学行为理论谈结果主义 [On Consequentialism from Theory of Behaviors in Ethics]

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Author(s)
孙, 效智
Keywords
Handlungstheorie der Ethik
consequentialism
Moore
Principia Ethica
ethics
GE Subjects
Methods of ethics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/185514
Abstract
莫爾(G. E. Moore)在「倫理學原理」(Principia Ethica)一書中,開宗明義地指出,在 「善行是什麼」這一問題上,首先必須處理的是「善」的定義,而不是「行為」。因為, 「善」是一個模糊不清的概念,而「行為」則清晰明瞭,沒有什麼可爭議之處【1】。莫爾這 個看法無疑主導了本世紀分析倫理學的方向,使得後來的倫理學家多半都把注意力集中在 「善」的觀念上,而較忽視倫理學行為理論(Handlungstheorie der Ethik)的探討。然而,從基 本倫理學發展的現況來看,儘管倫理學家對於善的觀念作了許多後設的分析,但是在「如何評 斷行為的善惡」這個基本的問題上,卻仍沒有清楚的答案。這使人不得不質疑,「行為」是否 真是像莫爾所認為的那麼簡單明瞭?很顯然,「行為」如果是容易掌握的觀念,那麼,行為的 哪些因素決定它的道德品質,就不應該是困難的問題。事實卻正好相反,當代基本倫理學之所 以引起許多爭議,正是由於在這個問題上無法達成共識的緣故。最明顯的例子就是在目的論 (teleology)的討論中,有關結果主義(consequentialism)的爭論。
Date
1995-04
Type
Article
Copyright/License
Creative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)
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Globethics Library Submissions
Chinese Ethics / 中文伦理

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