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系维着私人的道德 [Maintaining Personal Morality]

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Author(s)
费, 孝通
Keywords
maintainence
morality
personal morality
ethics
GE Subjects
Cultural ethics
Methods of ethics
Community ethics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/185622
Abstract
中国乡土社会的基层机构是一种我所谓“差序格局”,是一个“一根根私人联系所构成的网 络”。这种格局和现代西洋的“团体格局”是不同的。在团体格局里个人间的联系靠着一个共同 的架子;先有了这架子,每个人结上这架子,而互相发生关联。“公民”的观念不能不先有 个“国家”。这种结构很可能是从初民民族的“部落”形态中传下来的。部落形态在游牧经济中很 显著的是“团体格局”的。生活相倚赖的一群人不能单独地、零散的在山林里求生。在他 们,“团体”是生活的前提。可是在一个安居的乡土社会,每个人可以在土地上自食其力的生活 时,只在偶然的和临时的非常状态下才感觉到伙伴的需要。在他们,和别人发生关系是后起和 次要的,而且他们在不同的场合下需要着不同程度的结合,并不显著的需要一个经常的和广被 的团体。因之他们的社会采取了“差序格局”。
Date
2008-10-01
Type
Book chapter
Copyright/License
With permission of the license/copyright holder
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Chinese Ethics / 中文伦理

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