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DÖRT HALİFEYE DAİR MENKIBELER VE RAFİZÎ’YE NASİHATLER: MENKABET-İ ÇEHÂR-YÂR-İ KİBÂR

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Author(s)
Ceyhan, Âdem
Koyuncu, Fatih
Keywords
Klâsik Türk Edebiyatı,Menkıbe,Dört Halife,Rafizî,Nasihat
Klâsik Türk Edebiyatı,Menkıbe,Dört Halife,Rafizî,Nasihat

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1889208
Online Access
http://dergipark.gov.tr/cumusosbil/issue/30110/310672
Abstract
Din büyükleri ve tarihîşahsiyetlerin hayat ve faziletlerinin anlatıldığı menkıbe türü eserlere KlasikTürk edebiyatında sıklıkla rastlanılmaktadır. İslâm tarihinde Hz. Muhammed’densonra en önemli şahsiyetler “dört halife” olarak da bilinen Hz. Ebû Bekir, Hz.Ömer, Hz. Osman ve Hz. Ali’dir. Klâsik Türk edebiyatı metinlerinde, özellikledivan ve mesnevilerde Hz. Muhammed’den sonra dört halifenin övgüsü yapılmış;sadâkat, adalet, hayâ, ilim ve cesaret gibi vasıfları övülmüştür. Dörthalifenin hayatı ve fazileti çevresinde yazılan eserlerden biri İsmail adlı birşaire ait olduğu tahmin edilen Menkabet-iÇehâr-Yâr-i Kibâr’dır. Hayatıyla ilgili bir bilgi tespit edilemeyen İsmail,bu eserini dört halifeye dair bazı menkıbeleri anlatmak ve Rafizîlerin ilk üçhalife hakkındaki olumsuz düşüncelerini tenkit etmek için kaleme almıştır.Şair, Hz. Ali’ye beslenen sevginin diğer halifeler hakkında menfî kanaatleroluşturmaması gerektiğini belirtmiştir. Mesnevi nazım şekliyle kaleme alınaneserde her bir halifenin faziletlerinden bahsedilmiş ve Rafizîlerin onlarhakkındaki iddialarının yanlış olduğu izah edilmeye çalışılmıştır.Bu makalede, menkıbe türü hakkında bilgi verilmiş; Menkabet-i Çehâr-Yâr-i Kibâr şekil ve muhteva yönündenincelendikten sonra, eserin metni ve günümüz Türkçesiyle nesre çevirisisunulmuştur.
Thelegend type works that covers the lifestyle and merits of religious scholarsand historical personages have been reported frequently in Classical TurkishLiterature. The highest ranked personages after Prophet Muhammad are Abu Bakr,Umar, ‘Uthman, and ‘Ali who are known as “the four khalifa”. In ClassicalTurkish Literatures, especially in diwan and mathnawi, the four khalifa areexalted for their righteousness, fairness, modesty, and wisdom and bravery,respectively. Menkabet-i Çehâr-Yâr-i Kibâr forecasted that it belongs toa poet who is named Ismail is one of the literal pieces written related tolifestyle and quality of the four khalifa. Ismail, whom there is not anyinformation about his life, wrote this work to tell the stories related to thelegends of the four khalifa, and to criticize negative ideas of Rafizi on thefirst three of them. The poet emphasized that the love raised for ‘Ali shouldnot create hatred for the others. In the mathnawi written in the form ofpoetry, merits of each khalifa were mentioned and strived to explain that theclaims of Rafizi about them are wrong. Thisarticle inform about legend style works; after examining the Menkabet-iÇehâr-Yâr-i Kibâr in terms of form and content, the text of the work andthe translation of the prose to contemporary Turkish are presented.  
Date
2017-12-08
Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Identifier
oai:dergipark.gov.tr:article/310672
http://dergipark.gov.tr/cumusosbil/issue/30110/310672
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