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Ventures i desventures de la "clementia" entre Cèsar, Ciceró i Sèneca

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Author(s)
MALASPINA, Ermanno
Keywords
Luci Anneu Sèneca
Marc Tul
li Ciceró
Gaius Juli Cèsar
Clementia
Pensament polític clàssic

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/1960785
Online Access
http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=2718462
http://hispana.mcu.es/es/registros/registro.cmd?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=504337
Abstract
The political construction of "De clementia" derives from a personal and ambitious elaboration by Seneca of three different kinds of sources: the Roman conception of "clementia", the treatises "Perì basileías" of Hellenistic tradition, and finally the political ethics of the Stoic school. Regarding the first point, which is the subject of this article, the author maintains that the pre-eminent position attributed by Seneca to the prince's "clementia" in the traditional system of virtues has in fact a precedent, although partly implicit and just sketched. When, in the first century bC, Julius Caesar took power, he himself and Cicero sought, independently but in parallel, to produce a convenient ideologicla justification of the new political situatio. This was singled out as the exercise of a prerogative that consisted in using moderately and for the good of all a power felt as absolute; i.e. in the substance "ante litteram" of the Senecan "clementia". Such virtue, to be soon elaborated propagandistically by our sources as an innate and instinctive gift of the new master of Rome, was not presented initially under the aegis of one single "mot d'ordre" or an exclusive slogan: the term "clementia", indeed, comes along with, among other, "mansuetudo", "humanitas", "misericordia", "sapientia", which in this specific context must be taken as synonyms.
La costruzione politica del "De clementia" deriva da una personale ed ambiziosa rielaborazione di tre ordini di fonti diverse da parte di Seneca: la concezione romana della "clementia", i trattati "Perì basileías" di tradizione ellenistica ed infine l'etica della politica della scuola stoica. In relazione al primo punto, cui è dedicato il presente articolo, l'A. sostiene che la posizione di preminenza attribuita da Seneca alla "clementia" del principe nel sistema tradizionale delle virtú ha in realtà un precedente, ancorché in certa parte ancora implicito e solo abbozzato, nel I sec. a.C., quando, di fronte alla presa di potere da parte di Giulio Cesare, quest'ultimo e Cicerone cercarono, in modo indipendente ma parallelo, di produrre un'acconcia giustificazione ideologica per il nuovo stato di fatto politico. Essa venne individuata nell'esercizio di una prerogativa, consistente in un uso moderato e volto al bene di tutti di un potere avvertito come assoluto, ovvero nell'essenza "ante litteram" della "clementia" senecana. Tale virtù, subito elaborata propagandisticamente dalle fonti come dote innata ed istintiva del nuovo padrone di Roma, non fu inizialmente presentata sotto l'egida di un'unica parola d'ordine e di uno "slogan" esclusivo: il termine "clementia", infatti, si accompagna secondo i casi a "mansuetudo", "humanitas", "misericordia", "sapientia" ecc., che in questo contesto specifico devono esserne considerati di fatto sinonimi.
Date
2005
Type
text (article)
Identifier
oai:hispana.mcu.es:504337
http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=2718462
(Revista) ISSN 0213-6643
http://hispana.mcu.es/es/registros/registro.cmd?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=504337
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