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O método histórico-crítico e seu horizonte hermenêutico [The historical-critical method and its hermeneutic horizon]

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Author(s)
Filho, José Adriano
Keywords
Historical-critical exegesis
Schleiermacher
Hermeneutics
Gadamer
GE Subjects
Religious ethics
Methods of ethics
Philosophical ethics
Biblical Theology
Biblical hermeneutics, Interpretation of the Bible

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/196571
Abstract
"A ênfase na gramática do texto, no aspecto histórico e no contexto de surgimento, próprios do Renascimento, humanismo e Reforma Protestante, antecipa um tipo de exegese que dominará a interpretação bíblica até o século XX. Essa pesquisa, chamada históricocrítica, aplica à Bíblia a estratégia de suspeita e dúvida própria da prática científica do Iluminismo. Os pesquisadores reconheceram a distância temporal que separa a Escritura do intérprete. De acordo com F. D. Schleiermacher, o conceito de “compreensão” tem outra função: uma obra de arte perde sua significação se for removida de seu primeiro contexto. Esse contexto deve ser mantido para que se compreenda seu verdadeiro significado. Dilthey critica a pretensão dessa hermenêutica, opondo à explicação a compreensão. Esse processo passará por E. Husserl e M. Heidegger e culminará no pensamento de H. G. Gadamer, que considera a interpretação “diálogo entre o passado e o presente”. A distância temporal entre intérprete e texto não precisa ser preenchida, nem para explicar nem para compreender. Este processo, com o nome de fusão de horizontes, tornase aspecto importante da interpretação" ["Textual grammar, in the historical aspect and in the context of its rise, which was emphasized by Renaissance, Humanism e Protestant Reformation, anticipates a model of exegesis that will dominate biblical interpretation until the Twentieth Century. Such a model of research, called historical-critical, applies the strategy of suspicion and doubt to the Bible. This very principle characterized the scientific practice of the Enlightenment. Scholars also recognized the temporal distance between the Scripture and the interpreter. According to F. D. Schleiermacher, the concept of “comprehension” has another function: an artistic work loses its meaning once removed from its first context. This context must be maintained by history so that its real meaning is understood. W. Dilthey criticizes the intention of this interpretation by opposing explanation to comprehension. Through E. Husserl e M. Heidegger this process will reach its climax with the thought of H. G. Gadamer, who considers interpretation as a “dialogue between past and present”. The temporal distance between the interpreter and the text does not need to be filled either to explain or understand. Such process called “fusion of horizons” becomes then an important aspect of interpretation"]
Date
2008
Type
Article
Copyright/License
With permission of the license/copyright holder
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