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Democracia y ciudadanía [Democracy and citizenship]

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Author(s)
Iriarte, Alicia
Vazquez, Mariana
Bernazza, Claudia A.
Keywords
Democracy
citizenship
equality
democratization
GE Subjects
Political ethics
Ethics of law
Rights based legal ethics
Governance and ethics
Community ethics
General theology/other

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/202657
Abstract
"1.1. La democracia contemporánea: evolución del concepto La discusión sobre la definición acerca de la democracia está atravesada por diferentes debates. Desde los antiguos griegos hasta Rousseau, se pensaba a la democracia como democracia directa, en la cual los ciudadanos ejercen el derecho a la participación en la toma de decisiones sin intermediación. La democracia se asocia desde entonces con soberanía popular, voluntad general e interés común. Esta concepción tradicional de la democracia se articula en torno al protagonismo central del pueblo concebido como soberano, como un todo homogéneo y capaz de producir una voluntad colectiva. Los protagonistas de este tipo de democracias son los sujetos, capaces de identificar aquello que constituye el bien común. Estas concepciones fueron elaboradas para sociedades simples y apenas industrializadas. Pero con la aparición de sociedades más complejas, de masa, con mayor diferenciación, la democracia directa presenta una imposibilidad objetiva. Por tanto, el proceso de surgimiento de estas nuevas sociedades fue acompañado por modificaciones en la teoría de la democracia, en la que se incorporarán los mecanismos de la representación y la dimensión vertical, esto es, la constitución de autoridad. La democracia empieza a ser pensada como representativa frente a la imposibilidad del autogobierno. En el concepto de democracia moderna1 -a diferencia de los antiguos- se incorpora el tema de la división entre la titularidad y el ejercicio del poder, el principio de la mayoría, el constitucionalismo y la representación política. Se habla entonces de democracia representativa, régimen que acompaña la conformación de un Estado liberal-consitucional. Si bien el término liberalismo y su derivado liberal, son de cuño relativamente reciente, autores como Locke, Montesquieu, Madison, Hamilton, Constant, pasando por Tocqueville y Stuart Mill, podrían considerarsee liberales en tanto han hablado de un Estado controlado, liberal, constitucional. Tocqueville, por su parte, adiciona el concepto de democracia social al incorporar la idea igualdad, del ethos igualitario. Equipara libertad e igualdad: con la democratización se supone una sociedad cuyo ethos implica que sus miembros son socialmente iguales, es decir una sociedad caracterizada por la igualdad de condiciones".["1.1 . Contemporary democracy : The evolution of the concept discussion about the definition of democracy is crossed by different debates. From the ancient Greeks to Rousseau, was thought to democracy and direct democracy , in which citizens exercise their right to participate in decision -making without intermediation. Democracy is associated with popular sovereignty since , general will and common interest . This traditional conception of democracy revolves around the central involvement of people conceived as a sovereign , as a homogeneous and capable of producing a collective will all . The protagonists of such subjects democracies are able to identify what constitutes the common good . These concepts were developed for simple and barely industrialized societies. But with the emergence of complex societies , mass , more differentiation , direct democracy presents an objective impossibility. Therefore, the process of emergence of these new companies was accompanied by changes in the theory of democracy , in which the mechanisms of representation and the vertical dimension is incorporated , ie the establishment of authority. Democracy begins to be thought of as representative face of the impossibility of self-government . The concept of democracy moderna1 , unlike the old - is the subject of the division between ownership and exercise of power, the majority principle , constitutionalism and political representation incorporates . This is known as representative democracy , regime that accompanies the formation of a liberal - consitucional State. While the term liberal liberalism and its derivative, are of relatively recent vintage , authors like Locke , Montesquieu , Madison , Hamilton, Constant, Tocqueville and through Stuart Mill could considerarsee liberals have spoken as a controlled state , liberal, constitutional . Tocqueville , meanwhile , adds the concept of social democracy to incorporate equality idea of egalitarian ethos. Equates freedom and equality : a society to democratization is supposed whose ethos implies that its members are socially equal , ie a society characterized by equal conditions".]
Date
2003
Type
Article
Copyright/License
Creative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)
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Elections and Ethics

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