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Propuestas de políticas sociales con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida en el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad [Proposals for social policies to improve the quality of life in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder]

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Author(s)
Cid Foix, Ana
Keywords
proposal for social policies
cognitive training treatment and psychostimulant drugs
stress
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
GE Subjects
Political ethics
Ethics of political systems
Bioethics
Medical ethics
General theology/other

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/203438
Abstract
"Este artículo relaciona los efectos del estrés en los periodos pre y postnatal con los hallazgos morfológicos y funcionales en el cerebro de los que padecen el trastorno por déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Las consecuencias de este trastorno generan un problema social motivado por las dificultades que estos niños presentan en la integración familiar, escolar y en relación con los demás. Se revisan los tratamientos realizados hasta ahora. El fármaco más prescrito ha sido el metilfenidato, psicoestimulante, y desde hace pocos años, la atomoxetina, no psicoestimulante, junto con la terapia conductual. Estos psicofármacos mejoran los síntomas, pero se desconocen los efectos a largo plazo. En la actualidad varios estudios muestran que los niños con TDAH, a los que se les aplican técnicas cognitivas, mejoran la actividad cerebral, sin recibir tratamiento medicamentoso previo. Con estos datos, el grupo europeo que elabora las líneas de tratamiento para TDAH, plantea la necesidad de centrar de nuevo la atención en los niños y adultos con este trastorno, con el fin de modificar las pautas de tratamiento adoptadas hasta ahora. Los motivos éticos del estudio fueron: a) sensibilizar a la sociedad con el fin de instaurar medidas que eviten las posibles causas de la enfermedad; b) tener en cuenta que desconocemos los efectos secundarios a largo plazo que los psicofármacos pueden provocar en un cerebro en desarrollo; c) recoger información que apoye la idea de los diagnósticos excesivamente numerosos en los últimos años". ["This article describes the effects of pre and postnatal stress on the cerebral morphological findings described as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. [ADHD]. The consequences of ADHD cause social problems because these children have difficulties with family, school and social integration. Previous treatments are reviewed up to the present day. The drug that has been used most frequently is Metilphenidate, a psychostimulant, and recently, a new drug, Atomoxetine, a non psychostimulant was introduced. The therapy is combined with physiological training. These drugs give relief to the symptoms but their long term side-effects are unknown. Recent investigations have shown that children with ADHD who are receiving either cognitive or control training have increased cerebral activity without previous medication. With these facts in mind the European ADHD Guidelines group suggests a new focus of attention on the children and adults with this problem with the aim of modifying the treatment followed until now. The ethical motives for this review are: a) to make society more aware of the problems of ADHD with the aim of taking measures to avoid the possible causes of the illness; b) to take into account that the effects of long term psychostimulant drugs on the developing mind are unknown; c) to gather information that supports the view that diagnosis of ADHD has increased".]
Date
2011
Type
Article
Copyright/License
Creative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)
Collections
Health Ethics

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