The Historical Fate of Chinese Popular Religions： Final Years of Shandong Huidaomen,1945-1949

Abstract

After the victory over Japan in 1945, there was a new development of Huidomen (popular religions or sects, hereafter HDM) in Shandong. The KMT (国民党) and CCP (共产党) in the civil war had adopted a deliberate policy toward HDM that had significant social influence. Both parties made careful assessments and adopted different policies toward HDM in different areas. The three policies were: Disintegrating, coercion or exploitation. The CCP liberated Shandong and controlled the whole territory in l949. It issued instructions and imposed a total ban on HDM. HDM left Shandong towards overseas and began to decline. There were clear and specific plans and actions to suppress HDM in Shandong in the early l950s, responding to central policies as well as to the local situation. There were three large-scale concentrated banninng campaigns from 1949 to 1953．Specially, after the CCP Central Committee published the Double Ten instructions in 1950, there was much persecution of "counterrevolutionaries" and waves of suppressing "counterrevolutionaly movements". Shandong province totally banned HDM activities creating an atmosphere of terror combined with mass enthusiasm in May 1951．Dictatorial methods and a large-scale mass movement were employed to quickly implement the ban against any HDM, which often had many hundred years of histoly. This action consolidated the new regime and brainwashed people's mind. At the same time,it led to negative consequences．

文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点

東アジアの思想と構造