Les grandes tendances de l’innovation biomédicale au XXIe siècle [The major trends in biomedical innovation during the twenty-first century]
Author(s)
Zerhouni, EliasKeywords
Bio medicinebiomedical innovation
biomédecine
innovation biomédicale
santé publique
innovation
politique scientifique
philosophy of life sciences
philosophy of biology
GE Subjects
Global ethicsEconomic ethics
Technology ethics
Methods of ethics
Philosophical ethics
Bioethics
Medical ethics
Health ethics
Full record
Show full item recordOnline Access
http://books.openedition.org/cdf/434Abstract
Les scientifiques estiment que l’univers a commencé à l’occasion d’un « Big Bang » remontant à plus de quatorze milliards d’années. Mais à l’échelle de la planète Terre, au moins deux autres « Big Bang » sont survenus. Le second avec l’apparition de la vie, il y a environ trois milliards d’années, forte du pouvoir évolutif de la sélection naturelle et de la transmission génétique de traits favorables au fil des générations. L’émergence de l’intelligence humaine, qui remonte à quelques centaines de milliers d’années, constitue certainement le troisième « Big Bang », parce qu’elle a profondément changé la dynamique de l’évolution naturelle en permettant la diffusion et la transmission des innovations de génération en génération grâce à l’éducation. De fait, l’aptitude à modifier notre relation à l’environnement grâce à l’innovation est une caractéristique profondément humaine et innée appartenant à toutes les sociétés et à toutes les cultures depuis des temps immémoriaux. [Scientists believe that the universe began with a "Big Bang" that occurred more than fourteen billion years ago. But on a world scale, at least two other " Big Bang " occurred. The second with the emergence of life, about three billion years ago, strengthened by the strong evolutionary power of natural selection and genetic transmission of favorable features over generations. The emergence of human intelligence, that occurred a few hundred thousand years ago, certainly constitute the third "Big Bang" because it has deeply changed the dynamic of natural evolution by allowing the distribution and transmission of innovations from generation to generation through education. In fact , the ability to change our relationship with the environment through innovation is a deeply human and innate characteristic belonging to all societies and all cultures since immemorial time.]Date
2014-03-26Type
BookISBN
9782722601307Copyright/License
With permission of the license/copyright holderCollections
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Advancing Innovation in the Republic of Tatarstan : A Framework for Competing and Thriving in the Global EconomyWorld Bank (Washington, DC, 2013-02-27)This report provides recommendations for
 transforming Tartarstan's traditional industrial
 economy into a globally competitive, knowledge based
 economy, and for involving Russia in the development
 process. A broad range of innovation policies are best
 handled at the regional level and are difficult to achieve
 through an approach solely based on national innovation.
 Regional innovation systems are constantly evolving and
 government must be flexible enough to support learning and
 interactions between innovation stakeholders and the ability
 of firms to find their competitive advantages in global markets.
-
Finland as a Knowledge Economy 2.0 : Lessons on Policies and GovernanceSalminen, Vesa; Piirainen, Kalle A.; White, Justine; Halme, Kimmo; Lindy, Ilari; White, Justine; Piirainen, Kalle A.; Halme, Kimmo; Salminen, Vesa; Lindy, Ilari (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2014-04-08)The technology and innovation landscape
 has changed considerably since 2006 when Finland as a
 Knowledge Economy: Elements of Success and Lessons Learned
 [see also report 39378] was first published by the World
 Bank Institute (WBI). Finland is known for its consistent
 progress in the economy and competitiveness, as well as the
 egalitarian society underneath it. Yet, the challenges
 experienced by Finland in the beginning of the 20th century
 were similar to those experienced by many countries today.
 Finland emerged as an independent nation in the midst of
 international economic and political turbulence. In spite of
 its remoteness, relative scarcity of natural resources,
 smallness of the home market and recent history
 characterized by wars and social cleavages, Finland
 transformed itself from an agriculture-based economy in the
 1950's into one of the leading innovation-driven,
 knowledge-based economies and high-tech producers in the
 twenty-first century. The development was rapid, and
 involved determined action and sometimes drastic decisions
 by the government and other key actors. Today, at the end of
 2013, Finland is facing new types of challenges both
 domestically and internationally in efforts to maintain its
 societal sustainability and economic competitiveness.
 Finland Knowledge Economy 2.0 presents some of the key
 policies, elements, initiatives and decisions behind
 Finland's path into the Knowledge Economy of today. The
 authors hope to provide the readers inspiration, new ideas,
 and novel insights. Hopefully some of the lessons learned
 may prove valuable in another context. Based on this account
 of the development of Finnish Knowledge Economy, the authors
 have identified six areas of lessons, each described in
 detail in respective chapters. The book should not be seen
 as a scientific all encompassing study, but rather as a
 "Knowledge Economy cook-book", with practical
 cases, links and insights provided for further exploration.
-
Igniting Innovation : Rethinking the
 Role of Government in Emerging Europe and Central AsiaGoldberg, Itzhak; Kuriakose, Smita; Racine, Jean-Louis; Goddard, John Gabriel (World Bank, 2012-03-19)This book builds on the lessons from
 public institutions and programs to support innovation, both
 successful and failed, from Europe and Central Asia (ECA) as
 well as China, Finland, Israel, and the United States. Field
 visits to these countries were hosted by the innovation and
 scientific agencies of the respective governments,
 strengthening the international experiences presented here.
 This book is a culmination of ten years of analytic and
 operational work led by the private and financial sector
 development department and the chief economist's office
 of the ECA region of the World Bank. Several regional
 reports and country policy notes exploring these issues have
 been published over the years. The book also reflects the
 lively discussion in the ongoing series of flagship events
 to promote knowledge based economies in the region. The most
 recent knowledge economy forum was held in Berlin in 2010,
 hosted by the fraunhofer center for Central and Eastern
 Europe. The book identifies policies that have an adverse
 affect on innovation. It also identifies policy gaps that,
 if filled, could have a catalytic effect on private sector innovation.