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La paradoja de la agricultura cubana [The paradox of Cuban agriculture]

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Author(s)
Altieri, Miguel A.
Keywords
agriculture
production
biological inputs
agricultural markets
GE Subjects
Economic ethics
Consumer ethics
Community ethics
Environmental ethics
Resources ethics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/213236
Abstract
"En todo el mundo es bien sabido que a pesar de las dificultades del Período Especial, particularmente la caída en las importaciones de insumos claves para la agricultura como petróleo, fertilizantes, pesticidas, tractores, piezas de repuesto, etc., Cuba, y en especial el sector campesino, pudo enfrentar el desafío de producir una gran parte de los alimentos con la mitad de los insumos agroquímicos y un limitado acceso a combustibles. Este logro fue posible gracias a una serie de políticas agrarias descentralizadoras de formas cooperativas e individuales de la producción, a un sólido sistema de investigación, a la difusión de la agricultura urbana y la agricultura orgánica con un masivo desarrollo de insumos biológicos, a la apertura de mercados agropecuarios, y a la existencia de organizaciones fuertes que apoyan a los agricultores como la Asociación Nacional de Agricultores Pequeños (ANAP), la Asociación Cubana de Producción Animal (ACPA) y la Asociación Cubana de Técnicos Agrícolas y Forestales (ACTAF), entre otras. Al comienzo del Período Especial, el énfasis se centró en una estrategia de sustitución de insumos químicos por biológicos y en la reducción del uso de insumos, bien porque no estaban disponibles, bien para atenuar los costos de producción de los modelos convencionales. Este enfoque de bajos insumos estableció la base para el desarrollo y el escalonamiento de estrategias agreocológicas de diversificación de fincas, integración animal, reciclaje, control biológico, etc., que miles de agricultores ya practican en la isla" ["Worldwide it is well known that despite the difficulties of the Special Period, particularly the fall in imports of key agricultural inputs such as oil, fertilizers, pesticides, tractors, parts, etc., Cuba, and especially the peasant sector, able to face the challenge of producing a lot of food with half of agrochemical inputs and limited access to fuel. This achievement was made possible by a series of political decentralization of agricultural cooperatives and individual forms of production, a strong system of research, the dissemination of urban agriculture and organic farming with a massive development of biological inputs, opening agricultural markets, and the existence of strong organizations that support farmers and the National Association of Small Farmers (ANAP), the Cuban Association for Animal Production (ACPA) and the Cuban Association of Agricultural and Forestry Technicians (ACTAF), among others . At the beginning of the Special Period, the emphasis focused on a strategy of replacing chemical inputs with organic and reduced input use, either because they were not available, either to reduce the production costs of conventional models. This low input approach laid the foundation for the development and staging of agreocológicas farm diversification strategies, animal integration, recycling, biological control, etc., thousands of farmers and practiced on the island"]
Date
2010
Type
Article
Copyright/License
Creative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)
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Globethics Library Submissions
Latin American Ethics

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