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Questões conceituais e metaéticas da Bioética Clínica [Conceptual and metaethical questions of Clinical Bioethics]

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Author(s)
Schramm, Fermin Roland
Keywords
Metaethics
Clinical Bioethics
Concept Formation
clinical practice
GE Subjects
Methods of ethics
Bioethics
Medical ethics
Health ethics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/214428
Abstract
"O objetivo principal da Bioética Clínica é tentar resolver os conflitos morais que podem surgir na prática clínica, isto é, que se dão nas inter-relações humanas que se estabelecem nela entre os assim chamados “agentes” e “pacientes” morais1. O ponto de vista ideal adotado é aquele de um hipotético espectador racional e imparcial, considerado necessário para obter uma avaliação objetiva, livre de preconceitos e sem o envolvimento emocional que poderia enviesar o juízo esperado. Mas esse juízo depende de uma análise crítica tanto do sentido dado pela percepção das pessoas envolvidas quanto da relação com os interesses envolvidos, isto é, de uma desconstrução dos conceitos e significados utilizados. Esse é o papel da metaética, entendida como uma semiótica das questões de sentido envolvidas no uso das ferramentas bioéticas. Este trabalho pretende mostrar que tanto o conceito de “imparcialidade” quanto a justificativa para separar a metaética da ética descritiva e da ética normativa são atualmente objetos de controvérsias, pois não existe um consenso sobre a pertinência e legitimidade de separar o significado e o uso da linguagem nos jogos de linguagem adotados, como não existe consenso sobre a pertinência e legitimidade de separar descrição e prescrição, visto que existiriam descrições de fatos que contêm significados morais e avaliações morais que contêm conteúdos referentes a fatos. A metaética deve, portanto, ocupar-se das ações, intenções, motivos e particularidades do agente moral que afetam o paciente moral, o que torna os juízos éticos uma espécie particular de “fatos”, analisáveis pelo método da complexidade" ["The main objective of Clinical Bioethics is to try to resolve moral conflicts that may appear in clinical practice, i.e. those that happen in human inter-relationships that establish between so called moral “agents” and “patients”1. The adopted ideal point of view is that of a hypothetical rational and fair observer considered necessary for doing an objective evaluation free of prejudices and without the emotional involvement that might make the expected judgment biased. But this judgment depends on a critical analysis regarding the sense given by the perception of people involved about the relation to interests implied, i.e. of a deconstruction of concepts and meanings used. This is a paper of metaethics, understood as a semiotics of questions of sense implied in the use of bioethical resources. This work intends to show that both the concept of “impartiality” and the justification for separating metaethics from descriptive ethics and prescriptive ethics there are at present objects of controversies, since there is not a consensus on the relevance and legitimacy of separating the meaning and the use of the language in adopted language plays, as there is no consensus on the relevance and legitimacy of separating description from prescription, since that there would be descriptions of facts that contain moral meanings and moral evaluations that contain contents referring to facts. Thus, metaethics must deal with the actions, intentions, reasons and peculiarities of moral agents that affect moral patients, something that makes ethical judgments a particular kind of “facts”, analyzable by the method of complexity"]
Date
2012
Type
Article
Copyright/License
Creative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)
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