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Bioética entre globalização, universalismo e diversidade cultural [Bioethics between globalization, universalism and cultural diversity]

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Author(s)
León Correa, Francisco Javier
Keywords
Bioethics
Cultural Diversity
Human Rights
cultural diversity
GE Subjects
Cultural ethics
Media/communication/information ethics
Bioethics
Community ethics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/214453
Abstract
"A Bioética tem-se caracterizado por ser uma proposta prática de princípios éticos racionais, que pretendem uma validade universal, independentemente das culturas ou civilizações. Os direitos humanos fundamentais e, especialmente, o direito à vida e o direito à assistência a saúde, são a base conceitual da proposta bioética, e são considerados direitos universais a partir da Declaração da ONU. Essa proposta universal da Bioética deparou-se com vários obstáculos e desafios diferentes aos quais deve responder. Por um lado, a partir da ética do cuidado e do feminismo, tem-se insistido no atendimento ao paciente concreto, em sua especificidade, homem ou mulher, e não ao indivíduo racional abstrato. Por outro, a partir do comunitarismo e da ética da interculturalidade se insistiu no respeito às tradições comunitárias, tanto culturais, como sociais e éticas, e no consequente respeito à diferença no atendimento da saúde, por exemplo, com as populações indígenas na América Latina. A globalização acentuou essa tensão, com uma revolução dos meios de comunicação que leva a uma revolução nas transferências de pensamento, como analisa Sloterdijk1 , com propostas de éticas globais ou mundiais, que chocam as vezes com a exigência de adequação ao particular e respeito à identidade concreta e a multiculturalidade. Isso supõe atualmente um desafio para a Bioética tradicional, que pensamos deve se afrontar, tanto a partir da visão da ética do diálogo, como a partir da visão do personalismo e o comunitarismo, como complementação necessária do contribuído pela Bioética universalista ou global. Não é possível dar a resposta somente a partir dos princípios bioéticos, ou da bioética clínica, precisa-se de uma proposta a partir de uma bioética institucional e social, que ajude ao desenvolvimento de um debate plural sobre o papel da ética nas sociedades democráticas, empodere aos indivíduos e instituições, e leve ao diálogo entre as diversas eticidades existentes na América Latina" ["Bioethics has been characterized as a practical proposal of ethical, rational, principles which claim universal validity, independently of specific cultures or civilizations. The basic human rights and, specially, the right to life and the right to health care, are the conceptual basis of bioethical proposals, and these are taken, since United Nations Declaration as being universal. This universal proposal made by Bioethics faces several obstacles and different challenges to which it must respond. On the one hand, from the ethics of care and feminism one has been insisting on care for concrete patients, in their specificity, man or woman, and not an abstract rational individual. On the other, from communitarianism and the ethics of interculturality one has been insisting on respect for communitarian traditions, both cultural and social and ethical, and on the consequent respect for differences in health care, for example, with native populations in Latin America. Globalization deepened this tension, with a media revolution that leads to a revolution in thought transfers, in the words of Sloterdijk, with proposals of global or world ethics which sometimes is in conflict with the demand of adaptation to an individual and respect for the concrete identity and multiculturality. This supposes at present a challenge to traditional Bioethics, which we think must be faced, both from the vision of the ethics of dialogue and from the vision of personalism and communitarianism, as a necessary complement to the contribution of universalist or global Bioethics. We cannot respond to this only from bioethical principles, or from clinical bioethics, and so a proposal is needed of an institutional and social bioethics, which may help the development of a plural discussion on the role of ethics in democratic societies, empowering individuals and institutions, and promoting a dialogue among several ethics now present in Latin America"]
Date
2012
Type
Article
Copyright/License
Creative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)
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Globethics Library Submissions
Latin American Ethics

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