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Dependência e Liberdade [Addiction and Freedom]

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Author(s)
Dreher, Luís H.
Keywords
Absolute
freedom
dependence
Schelling
Schleiermacher
GE Subjects
Methods of ethics
Philosophical ethics
Global Church History and World Christianity
Reformation
Dogmatics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/220231
Abstract
"característica central dos esforços pós-kantianos e idealistas é a tentativa de pensar em conjunto, no âmbito de uma filosofia do absoluto elou da religião, as liberdades divina e humana, segundo estruturas diferenciadas de correlação. O Absoluto é entendido, nesse sentido, sempre como o Un-bedingte, o incondicionado que é livre de todo determinismo e coisalidade, mas que não exlui por inteiro, de si, o âmbito da finitude. Diferentemente de Fichte, porém, Schelling e Schleiermacher buscam coadunar mais amplamente, na apreensão do Absoluto, as idéias de dependência e liberdade. Aproximam- se, assim, de um monismo que, ao incluir a natureza no Absoluto, não é materialista. Tal aproximação é possibilitada pelo sentimento religioso (Schleiermacher) ou por uma apreensão conceitual que tende a uma síntese diferenciada com a tradição mística e teosófica desde Bohme (Schelling). A análise do ser humano como ser relativamente dependente e livre desempenha, num certo "antropomorfismo consciente", um papel importante nesta aproximação basicamente comum ao Absoluto. Com base numa análise dos Discursos sobre a Religião de 1799 e da seção filosófica introdutória da Fé Cristã de 1821, quer-se definir continuidades e descontinuidades na compreensão de líberdade em Schleiermacher. Faz-se o mesmo no caso de Schelling, buscando subsídios em textos de sua filosofia até 1804 e na obra de 1809, Investigações filosóficas sobre a essência da liberdade humana e das questões conexas. Por fim, busca-se mostrar especificidades e ênfases no conceito de liberdade em cada um dos dois autores" ["A central trait of post-Kantian and idealist efforts is the attempt to think together human and divine freedom, usually in the context of a philosophy of the Absolute and lor religion, and according to differentiated correlational strucutures. The Absolute in the above sense is always understood as the Un-bedingte, the unconditioned which is free from ali determinism and thinghood but does not totally exclude from itself the realm of finitude. Unlike Fichte, however, both Schelling and Schleiermacher seek to bring c10ser together, in their eforts to apprehend the Absolute, the ideas of dependence and freedom. Thus they approach a monism that is not materialist even as it includes nature in the Absolute. Such an approachment is made possible by religious feeling (Schleiermacher) or by a conceptual apprehension which tends to a differentiated synthesis with mystical and theosophical traditions since B6hme (Schelling). The analysis rendering human beings both relatively dependent and free plays, by means of a certain "conscious anthropomorfism", a key role in the basically common approach to the Absolute. Based on an analysis of the 1799 Speeches on Religion and of the introduetory philosophical section of the 1821 Christian Faith, the attempt is made to demarcate both continuities and discontinuities in Schleiermacher's understanding of freedom. The same is done as far as Schelling is concerned, on the basis of elements gathered from his 1809 or Human Freedom. Last but not least, we propose to show some specifical traits and emphases in the concept of freedom evinced from both writers"]
Date
2004
Type
Article
Copyright/License
Creative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)
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