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Prevalence of anti-HBc total positivity in an impoverished Urban Community in BangladesThe infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are rapidly spreading in developing countries due to the lack of health education, poverty, illiteracy and Hepatitis B vaccination. No widespread population based data of HBV is available in the country's aspect. So, a population-based serological survey was done to determine the prevalence of the Hepatitis B core antibody total (IgM+IgG) in an impoverished Urban Community in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 healthy individuals and age between 18-60 years from the urban slum in Dhaka city. The study was implemented through collaboration with Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka from January 2013 to June 2013. The study participants were selected through systematic sampling procedure and blood tested for anti-HBc. Anti-HBc estimations were carried out by VITROS Immune diagnostic assay. The study was pertained Ethical permission from Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC) and every participant was informed regarding their written informed consent. Among the 384 respondents, 183(47.6%) individuals were positive for the core antibody of hepatitis B virus (anti-HBc). The anti HBc positive group consisted almost of equal number of male 93, (24.2%) and female 90 (23.4%). There was a significantly increasing prevalence of the core antibody among young adults and middle age of the respondents (28.7%). Major risk factors for exposure to Hepatitis B appeared to be Ear-nose-body piercing, Circumcision by Hajam, unsafe blood transfusion and unsterile dental intervention. High prevalence of hepatitis B Core antibody (47.6%) indicates that the members of this urban community are highly exposed to hepatitis B virus.
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Health Provider Payment Reforms in ChinaThis paper examines health provider
 payment reforms in China the present system and how it
 evolved, and changes that will improve it in the context of
 ongoing health reform. The paper begins with a brief
 introduction and background discussion followed by two
 substantive sections experiments with case-based payment
 systems, and experiments with alternative government budget
 payment methods. This is followed by an examination of what
 has worked in China and elsewhere. The concluding discussion
 considers lessons for China and next steps. Many policy
 instruments and reforms have been implemented to use
 National Cooperative Medical System (NCMS), Basic Medical
 Insurance (BMI), and government health budgets more
 efficiently. These include alternative payment systems,
 reduced drug prices, essential drug lists, controlled use of
 high technologies, and strengthening the primary healthcare system.
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Present Academic Status of the Department of Medicine in Different Medical Colleges of BangladeshBackground: ‘Medicine’ is said to be the father of Medical education. The clinical phase of education of a medical student should be done in an academically oriented hospital specially Medicine Department. Lack of adequate clinical exposure must leads to inadequate learning. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done to look into the present academic scenario of the department in different Medical Colleges of Bangladesh. Here the Medicine Department of all the Medical Colleges was included; of them 22 were government and 44 were private. The allied branches were excluded. The concerned department of all the Medical Colleges was offered a prestructured questionnaire. 27 of them replied; 13 were public & 14 were private. They were regarded as Code A & Code B respectively. Results: We found that the number of functioning unit is less than requirement in Code B(2.31). Though the student bed ratio is adequate; the number of midlevel teacher is much less in both the codes. Office secretary is lacking as well as the ward side minilab facility. Most of the conference rooms are shared. There is a great vacuum regarding the integrated teaching class. We also noted that the publication & presentation is much less in Code B. Conclusion: With the rapid growth of Medical education, the need for promoting ethical medical practice is mandatory. So the lacking of existing medical content should be fulfilled in an urgent manner.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v16i1.22372 J MEDICINE 2015; 16 : 5-9