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La república independiente, el poder constituyente y el héroe de la emancipación [The independent republic, the constituent power and the hero of the emancipation]

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Author(s)
Vermeren, Patrice
Keywords
Modernity
Subject
Ancient and modern hero
Liberty
GE Subjects
Political ethics
Governance and ethics
Methods of ethics
General and historical
Philosophical ethics

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/227926
Abstract
"¿Qué es un héroe de la emancipación? Rousseau comparaba el héroe antiguo, un guerrero triunfante que vence a los enemigos de su país, con el verdadero héroe, aquel que es capaz de posponer su singularidad en vistas a promover la acción común del pueblo soberano. De acuerdo con Miguel Abensour, la Revolución francesa redefine el heroísmo político como la capacidad de iniciar algo cuyo resultado es aún imprevisible, estableciendo así una nueva sociedad en la cual las figuras del héroe y del legislador coinciden, anudando una enigmática relación entre esclavitud y libertad, y estableciendo un orden que sobrepasa las divisiones generadas por los intereses injustos. Pero si "el héroe es el verdadero sujeto de la modernidad" (Walter Benjamin citando a Baudelaire), ¿no es la posibilidad del heroísmo en la prosaica sociedad moderna y postrevolucionaria la llave de salida del siglo XIX? ¿Qué pensar de una figura heroica como la de Simón Bolívar, el usurpador del título de Libertador, según Benjamin Constant; el Napoleón de las retiradas, según Marx? ¿El partero de la emancipación, según escriben Pierre Leroux y Jean Reynaud en la Nueva Enciclopedia? ¿La luminaria de la emancipación del pueblo americano caído en la esclavitud, como dirá Juan Montalvo?" ["Who is a hero of emancipation? Rousseau contrasted the ancient hero, a triumphant worrier who defeats the enemies of his country, with the true hero, the one who is able to surrender his singularity in order better to promote the collective agency of a sovereign people. The French revolution, according to Miguel Abensour, redefines political heroism as the ability to initiate something in the unpredictability of the result, establishing therefore a new society in which the figures of the hero and the legislator coincide, broaching an enigmatic relationship between bondage and freedom, and establishing an order that supersedes the divisions generated by unjust desires. But if "the hero is the true subject of modernity" (Walter Benjamin quoting Baudelaire) is not the possibility of heroism in a prosaic modern post-revolutionary society the key issue of the nineteenth century? What to think of a heroic figure like Simon Bolivar, - the usurper of the title Libertador (Benjamin Constant)? The Napoleon of the retreats (Karl Marx)? The accoucheur of the emancipation, (Pierre Leroux and Jean Reynaud's New Encyclopedia)? The emancipating luminary of the American people fallen in bondage (Juan Montalvo)?"]
Date
2011
Type
Article
Copyright/License
Creative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)
Collections
Globethics Library Submissions
Latin American Ethics

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