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A (in)determinância do capital cultural e do "background" no desempenho dos bolsistas Prouni: das notas além do esperado às hipóteses de resultados improváveis

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Author(s)
Bertolin, Julio Cesar G.
Fioreze, Cristina
Keywords
Capital cultural
Background
Educação Superior
Prouni
Cultural capital
Background
Higher Education
Prouni

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/2343637
Online Access
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=5642606
Abstract
Studies about scholar efficacy and Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital (1979) show that social-economic and cultural context – or background – play a fundamental role in students’ scores and results in exams. Therefore, following these theories, students that come from lower background tend to present lower performance if compared to students from privileged social-economic and cultural context. Taking it into consideration, University for All Program/Prouni, created in 2004, aims to promote higher education access through scholarships of 100% and 50% destined to students that both, prove per capita family income between zero and three minimum salaries and that have studied secondary school in public schools or in private schools with scholarship. Because of such conditions, it is expected that those students present lower performance than the ones that have been paying fees. However, some teachers’ perceptions indicate that it does not always happen. In other words, Prouni students have been obtaining, in different situations inside private institutions, better results than students that pay fees. Facing this context and aiming to reflect about fundamental aspects regarding to quality and equity, this paper discusses the supposed superiority of Prouni students’ scores in both, classes that they attend in higher education and Enade (National Exam of Students Performance). At the same time, this paper analyses hypothesis that could explain the performance beyond that expected shown by students from popular classes. As for methodological development, this research uses two data basis. The first one is shaped by assessment data related to courses from a community university in Rio Grande do Sul state, between 2009 and 2012. The second one consists of Enade data regarding to 2006.
Estudos sobre eficácia escolar, bem como o conceito de capital cultural, de Bourdieu (1979), evidenciam que o contexto socioeconômico e cultural – ou o background – exerce papel fundamental nas notas e nos resultados obtidos pelos estudantes em exames. Ou seja, segundo essa teoria, alunos com menor background tenderiam a apresentar desempenho inferior em comparação com alunos oriundos de um contexto socioeconômico e cultural mais privilegiado. Nesse sentido, considerando que os bolsistas do Programa Universidade para Todos (Prouni) devem ter desvantagem de background em relação aos seus colegas pagantes, tendencialmente, o seu desempenho deveria ser inferior, afinal o programa, criado em 2004, busca viabilizar o acesso à Educação Superior por meio da concessão de bolsas de estudos integrais ou parciais de 50%, a estudantes com renda familiar per capita de zero a três salários-mínimos que cursaram o Ensino Médio em escolas públicas ou em escolas privadas na condição de bolsistas. Entretanto, percepções subjetivas de docentes indicam que nem sempre é isso que ocorre, ou seja, bolsistas estariam obtendo, em diversas situações, melhores resultados que os colegas pagantes nas disciplinas que cursam em instituições privadas. Nesse contexto, com o objetivo de refletir sobre aspectos fundamentais da qualidade e da equidade do Prouni, o presente artigo problematiza a suposta superioridade de notas dos bolsistas em disciplinas e no Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (Enade) e, ao mesmo tempo, analisa hipóteses que explicariam o desempenho além do esperado desses estudantes provenientes de meios populares. Quanto ao desenvolvimento metodológico da pesquisa, são utilizadas duas fontes de dados: a primeira delas é composta por microdados das avaliações de disciplinas (por curso) de uma universidade comunitária do Rio Grande do Sul entre 2009 e 2012; a segunda consiste nos dados do Enade referentes ao ano de 2006
Date
2016
Type
text (article)
Identifier
oai:dialnet.unirioja.es:ART0001028503
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=5642606
(Revista) ISSN 0103-1457
Copyright/License
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