impact of adventure programming on self-efficacy: a process analysis.

Abstract

Wai Chi Man Veronica = 歷奇活動對自我效能的影響 : 過程分析 / 韋智敏.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-103).

Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese.

Wai Chi Man Veronica = Li qi huo dong dui zi wo xiao neng de ying xiang : guo cheng fen xi / Wei Zhimin.

Abstract --- p.i

Acknowledgements --- p.iii

List of Figures --- p.x

List of Tables --- p.xi

Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- Introduction --- p.1

Background of the Study --- p.1

Purpose of the Study --- p.5

Definition of Terms --- p.6

Delimitations --- p.6

Limitations --- p.6

Significance of the Study --- p.6

Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- Review of Literature --- p.8

Diversity of Adventure Programming --- p.8

Models of Adventure Programming --- p.9

The Experiential Learning Cycle --- p.9

The Adventure-based Learning Process Model --- p.11

The Adventure Experience Paradigm --- p.11

The Model of Adventure Based Counseling --- p.13

Application of Adventure Programming --- p.13

Research in Adventure Programming --- p.15

Outcome Research --- p.15

Meta-analyses --- p.17

Process Research --- p.20

Research Directions --- p.22

Self-efficacy --- p.23

Definition of Self-efficacy --- p.24

Theoretical Understanding of General Self-efficacy --- p.25

Importance of Self-efficacy --- p.25

Adventure Programming and Self-efficacy --- p.27

Theoretical Connection --- p.27

Sibthorp (2003)，s Study --- p.28

Summary --- p.30

Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- Method --- p.31

Participants --- p.31

Instrumentation --- p.31

Demographics and Psychographics --- p.31

Measuring Self-efficacy --- p.31

Measuring the Characteristics of Experience --- p.32

Measuring Social Desirability --- p.33

Procedures --- p.33

Questionnaire Administration --- p.33

Individual Interviews --- p.34

Data Analyses --- p.35

Questionnaire Data --- p.35

Interview Data --- p.35

Summary --- p.35

Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- Results --- p.36

Questionnaire Analyses --- p.36

Descriptive Statistics --- p.36

Reliability of Scales --- p.36

Self-efficacy Change --- p.37

Social Desirability Change --- p.38

Prediction of Post-camp Self-efficacy --- p.39

Interview Analyses --- p.40

Outcome Analyses --- p.42

Process Analyses --- p.50

Programme Factors --- p.50

Human Factors --- p.53

Instructor Analyses - Positive --- p.55

Instructor Analyses 226}0ؤ Negative --- p.61

Peer Analyses - Positive --- p.64

Peer analyses - Negative --- p.66

Programme Analyses 226}0ؤ Positive --- p.68

Programme Analyses 一 Negative --- p.70

Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- Discussion --- p.73

Self-efficacy Change --- p.73

The Prediction of Self-efficacy --- p.74

Perceived Outcomes and Self-efficacy --- p.76

Process Factors and Sources of Self-efficacy --- p.79

Enactive Mastery Experience --- p.80

Vicarious Experience --- p.82

Verbal Persuasion --- p.83

Physiological and Affective States --- p.85

Methodological Issues --- p.87

Limitations --- p.90

Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- "Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations" --- p.92

Summary --- p.92

Conclusions --- p.93

Recommendations --- p.93

APPENDIX A --- p.104

APPENDIX B --- p.106

APPENDIX C --- p.107

APPENDIX D --- p.108

APPENDIX E --- p.109

APPENDIX F --- p.110

APPENDIX G --- p.111

APPENDIX H --- p.112

APPENDIX I --- p.114

APPENDIX J --- p.115

APPENDIX K --- p.116

APPENDIX L --- p.118

APPENDIX M --- p.121

APPENDIX N --- p.123

APPENDIX O --- p.125

APPENDIX P --- p.127