Globethics Essay Competitions
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Collection of essays published by Globethics.net India and China as a result of various paper competitions among young scholars on ethical governance (e.g. corruption) and corporate social responsibility, during the years 2008-2013.
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Responsible leadership in large corporationsIn 2012 large international corporation HAY GROUP jointly with FORTUNE magazine published global Top-50 most successful companies. This list included mostly American companies from consumer commodities sector. Only 6 European enterprises were presented. More than 4000 opinions of CEO, top-managers from all over the world were analyzed to make this top-50 report the most faithful. Pursuant to the survey, about 30% of success depends on the leader’s qualities and traits of character, intuition and ability to perform duties in stressful circumstances. The author of this paper will give a short overview of key intangible qualities and skills (do not confuse with qualification), which are necessary for company to flourish and make profit. Moreover, the examples will be provided.
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Responsible leadership.The purpose of my essay is to reveal the two concepts in terms of the activity of large corporations, which are responsible leadership and ethical leadership. The relevance of this theme cannot be doubted. Contradictory achievements of big business, a disproportionate level of economic development of countries, pending environmental issues, cross-cultural encounters, social dissatisfaction of workers and consumers - all of these problems are the part of our world.
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Responsible leadershipToday we exist in the atmosphere of the eternal moral values substitution. The fashion for this or that ideology replaces eternal ideals. We are irresponsible before the future generation because we are irresponsible before ourselves now. This negative tendency appears in many spheres of the activity of the society: in the politics, health, economy, education and science. The last one is the most important. (The place) Where the scientist will direct his talent determines the future of all humanity. The invention of the wheel discovered to the mankind unprecedented opportunities related with the transportation of goods, building, geographical discoveries and the invention of gunpowder gave rise to the emergence of new sophisticated types of weapons. Also it gave rise to wars which cruelty doesn’t have precedents. Two brilliant scientific discoveries have so different consequences. This problems of moral responsibility manifest in terms of ethical leadership. The intellectual superiority give unprecedented opportunities but at the same time imposes certain responsibility for the impact on society.
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Historical Aspects of Russian Large Corporations' EthicsEthics, according to Santa Clara University lectures, is a set of standards contributing to human well-being, or, if we are talking about large corporations – contributing to well-being of all their structural units and their environment. The word "leadership" in given context means imposing the making of final decision on somebody. Therefore, by ethical leadership we mean leadership model that takes into account not only and not so much the interests of the company as a whole, but also the interests of shareholders, creditors, hired employees, customers, suppliers, states, trade unions, local communities, the public, ecology and, in a sense, even the interests of their competitors. Ethical and responsible decisions will sometimes differ from generally accepted practices. Obviously, ethical leadership is part of corporate social responsibility, which, while meeting standards (ISO 26000), is a factor that increases the cost and profitability of the company.
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Responsible LeadershipPolitical leader plays an important role in the development of the state. In addition, it is easy to trace the process of increasing the role of the individual in international relations. A leader shall be a great example to others. Talking about political leaders it is essential to mention that they act as an example for the whole country and sometimes for groups of states or even for the whole world. Consequently political leaders shall respect the norms of morality and be able to take responsibility for decisions that can change the course of history and the fate of thousands of people. Each leader strives to achieve good results in his work. In order to succeed leader shall take responsibility for the choice of behavioral strategies, try to maximize the effectiveness of decisions, reduce potential risks and use rationally all available resources. Politician shall analyze all available alternatives to solve the problem, monitor the implementation of programs of action, be able to navigate in a rapidly changing world, etc. All these functions require political leader’s hard work and concentration. An example of a politician, who had a strong-willed character, able to persuade and achieve high results by means of hard work, is the "Iron Lady" Margaret Thatcher. She was an example of a woman who managed to perform stronger than many men. Modern management theorist Peter Drucker believes that the leadership is carried out by character. This view is shared by Warren Bennis, an expert on leadership. He was confident that the leadership is not just a matter of style. Leadership is associated with being a man. Consequently, the responsible leader is responsible for everything in his life. Responsibility is a character trait of a true leader.
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Responsible leadership.In most modern models of managerial decision-making morality does not appear, but in today's society without a moral component companies will be extremely difficult to meet the standards. CEOs are increasingly coming to the idea that spirituality can be the foundation of responsible leadership as acting from positions of spirituality, corporate leaders naturally learn responsibility for the company and for their own actions. The modern model of responsible leadership includes such essential elements as: moral integrity; value basis; the ability to achieve a balance between personal interests and expectations of stakeholders; ability to establish and maintain harmonious relationships with partners from different cultural traditions.
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中国企业慈善现状与发展创新 [Current situation, development and innovation of Chinese corporate philanthropy]Along with the development of a socialist market economic system, accumulating wealth and awakening of group consciousness, philanthropy in China is doing very well. A donation from corporations accounts for half of the total number, and corporation becomes the biggest donator. Varied enterprises are the dominant force in Chinese market economy, as well as in charity. However, on the other side, small size, utilitarianism, less oversight and other problems still exist. After studying on lots of practical advices from experts and scholars, this article creatively proposes an optimize innovation on corporate philanthropy mode. Finally, according to the current social problems, it expands the content of traditional charity and comes up with an idea of dynamic development of philanthropy
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从供应链管理的角度浅析企业社会责任 [Analysis on the Corporate Social Responsibility from the Perspective of Supply Chain Management]Since it has been put forward in 1920s, corporate social responsibility has spread and developed with disputes such as the Nike sweatshop event, poisonous milk and poisonous apples ensued brought people’s attentions to cooperates’ responsibilities toward supply chain. This thesis will analyse corporate social responsibility, especially the social responsibility of the dominant corporations who are the core of the supply chain, from the prospective of supply chain management. This thesis hopes to point a direction to explore the responsibility of supply chain and research on risk management
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采掘业上市公司社会责任评价研究 [Evaluation research on listed companies in the extractive industry]This article assesses the performance of corporations to fulfill their social responsibilities and their disclosure obligation by factor analysis, taking extractive corporations in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets in 2011 as samples, using stakeholder theory from the perspective of shareholders, creditors, government, employees, community and environment. Research shows that the whole extractive industry is suffering from low appreciation in taking its social responsibility. Corporations are not so responsible to their employees, and they don’t disclosure enough for measurement, especially in the environmental protection cost. Also, the industry norm on this field hasn’t been specific yet. Therefore, extractive industry should consider social responsibility into a strategic level, concern about their employees and the environment.
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环境保护——必行的企业社会责任 [Environment Protection for the Sake of Profits - An Important Corporate Social Responsibility]Nowadays, it is imperative to protect our environment. It is not only concerned with enterprises’ social responsibility and obligation but also Environment protection is ultimately an economic issue. Enterprises must be fully motivated so that they can turn the obligation into their voluntary action and take the initiative in gaining profits under the disadvantageous condition, therefore honoring their social responsibilities and commitment under invisible supervision
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从我国劳工保障角度谈企业社会责任——利润最大化的另一蹊径 [Corporate Social Responsibility from the perspective of labor protection - another way to maximize profit]Currently, the interests and welfare of a lot of labors have been undermined. Through the discussions on hot topics, situations and damages can be fully understood. The severity can be addressed by document researches, comparative study, model study and other methods. Finally, this article is trying to find the right way to balance the interests of corporations and their labors.
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基于系统动力学方法的企业社会责任与消费者权益关系研究 [Research on the relation of Corporate Social Responsibility to consumer rights---based on a system dynamics method]In the past, businesses always take maximum profit or the maximum of stockholders’ wealth as their ultimate goal. However, as the food safety problems and production accidents frequently arise, they have gradually realized that social aspect should not be ignored. Not only inside employee benefits, but also outside social interests, like environment protection, energy efficiency and sustainable development should be taken into consideration. As the largest developing county in Asia, along with the economic development, the resources problem in China gets more and more serious. Corporate Social Responsibility becomes the main concern for some responsible or large enterprises. The content of social responsibility has also been widened because of the incidents of Sanlu milk powder and toxic capsules and it has turned into a moral issue. This article will discuss about the relation of Corporate Social Responsibility to consumer rights by a system dynamics method.
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建立中国特色养老制度:我们的责任 [Establish pension system with Chinese characteristics: our responsibility - based on 570 questionnaires on pension system all over the country]With the increasingly serious aging problem, it is urgently required for us to solve the issue. Based on 570 sending questionnaires, related documents, experience of the developed world, this article suggests establishing a pension system with Chinese characteristics: “family support and community service first, institution endowment second”. At the same time, government, social media, and education community, especially college students should live up to their responsibilities
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欧盟对华CDM废物处置项目的企业社会责任实践 [Corporate Social Responsibility practice: EU’s CDM waste disposal projects in China -- an empirical analysis based on MATA-CDM-China model]Clean Development Mechanism(CDM)is the only flexible mechanism under Kyoto Protocol that allows developing countries to take part in. EU’s CDM waste disposal projects, owing to its obvious benefits from sustainable development, is favored by the Chinese corporations nowadays. Chinese enterprises can kill three birds with one stone by it: economic development, social improvement and environmental protection. This article is an empirical analysis on eight randomly chosen CDM projects, using the MATA-CDM-China model. The research shows that enterprises can gain economic benefits in short-term, and fulfill its responsibility at the same time. In addition to external pressure and internal transformation, it is an effective approach to push corporations to be socially responsible.
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后金融危机时代背景下诚信原则在我国现代保险法中的复活 [Renaissance of the principle of good faith in Chinese modern insurance law in post financial crisis era]Honesty is a common value shared by both the East and the West despite of their cultural differences. The meaning of honesty is changing over time. It always means the principle of utmost good faith in insurance law. While reviewing its progress, one will find that it is under renaissance and becomes more and more obvious in China in post financial crisis era. By analyzing the honesty issues of applicants, insurers and insurance agents, this article provides five specific solutions: transform the principle of honesty and creditability into the principle of utmost good faith; explicitly state the guarantee obligations of applicants in the insurance law; make the insured and beneficiary be included in the truly disclosure obligation; refine the rules about waiver and estoppels; be clear with the civil liability and consequences of violation of the principle of utmost good faith.
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基于“微型贷款”新慈善模式的企业社会责任探讨 [ Analysis on Corporate Social Responsibility Based on Micro-Credit, a New Model of Charity]Micro-credit is a way to help the people with low income through financial services of small loans, so that they can become self-employed and increase their income and support their family. With the adoption of inclusive financial systems and expansion of scope of recipients, micro-credit has become an organic boost for social charity and alleviates poverty. This new model of charity is characterized by compensable financial aid and fair trade, which are different from traditional charitable activities. From the perspective of corporate social responsibility and based on two typical cases of micro-credit, this thesis studies the best way to implement this new model of charity of micro-credit. It mainly focuses on how corporations balance its sustainable development and fulfillment of its social responsibility. In addition, this thesis makes a conclusion of all advantages of this new model of charity, and provides an inspiration of poverty alleviation through micro-credit so that people can get profits by themselves.
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不能忽视的“蓝色警报”——企业对海洋环境保护的社会责任探究 [A “Blue Alarm” which can’t be ignored--Analysis on Enterprises’ social responsibility of protecting oceanic environment]In recent years, with the frequent large scale of oil spilling of large scale in the world, oceanic ecological equilibrium is damaged which is inconsistent with sustainable development. The thesis reflects the result of enterprises’ lack of attention on protecting oceanic ecology from the perspective of corporate social responsibility and ecology resource protecting. It attributed attributes the disequilibrium to enterprises’ insufficient attention on social responsibility and proposes relevant reassures to improve oceanic ecologic environment, strengthens the awareness of corporate social responsibility and works out measures to respond to oil spilling and to prevent such incidents government, Social media and other NGOs also play an important role in motivating enterprises to fulfill corporate social responsibility
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加强企业环境责任意识,防治农村工业污染 [Strengthen Corporations’ Awareness of Environmental Responsibility and Prevent Industrial Pollution in Rural Areas]As industrial pollution in rural areas has become increasingly serious, and severely impedes the economic and agricultural development in rural areas and brings great disadvantages to the protection of environment rights of the people there. It is necessary to analyse the lack of corporate social responsibility in China from the perspective of environmental rights of peasants and the damage of the rights. It is recommended that we establish a set of mechanism of environmental responsibility for the corporations through the internal supervision of enterprise, social supervision and government intervention based on the analysis of the lack of the China corporate social environment responsibilities so that environment rights of people in rural areas could be effectively guaranteed.
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更好地实现行政伦理责任:防止利益冲突 [Better Fulfillment of Administrative Ethical Responsibility: Avoiding Conflicts of Interests]The thesis elaborates on the basic thoughts of Cooper's Administrative Ethics. In order to avoid the abusing of power for personal gain which is made by conflicts of interests, to get rid of ethical predicament, to fulfill administrative responsibility, to solidify the political status of the Communist Party and to prevent spending too much money at the end of the year. We need people’s supervision and budget’s supervision as well as the construction of the morality of public servants, the improvement of the Administrative accountability system and the enhancement of relevant legislature to avoid the conflicts of interests, the abusing of power for personal gain and corruption.
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企业捐赠:慈善还是交换?——基于我国年度亏损上市公司的分析 [Corporate Donation: Charity or Exchange - Based on the Analysis of the Loss Listed Companies in China]When choosing the loss of listed companies in China during 2004 and 2010 as a study sample, we empirically studied the influence of government support on corporate donation using government subsidies as a mediator variable. We have found that the government subsidies have a significant effect on the donation in loss corporations, which means that loss corporations obtained more government subsidies would behave more actively and make more donations. This shows that under the background of China's current system, the government plays a significant role in the corporate donation. The existence of reciprocal exchange behavior in China's corporate donation, to some extent, shakes the traditional concept of charitable donation