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Toolkit on the Appraisal of Small Renewable Energy Projects : Tanzania Case StudyFollowing this introductory chapter, chapter two continues with a general description of the regulatory, institutional, and policy environment for Renewable Energy (RE) in Tanzania. The chapter describes the main existing institutional arrangements in place and shows that the country's legal framework is conducive to private sector RE initiatives. Chapter three discusses the fundamentals of project finance, the basic components of financial analysis, and common due diligence factors concerning RE investments. This discussion provides a framework for a better understanding of RE financing, which from a banker's point of view requires a different approach than the more traditional balance sheet-focused financing. Chapters 4 through 8 go over each of the most common RE technologies: chapter four: Hydropower; chapter five: biomass; chapter six: biogas; chapter seven: solar PV; and chapter eight: wind. Each of the chapters discusses both the basic technical and financial aspects of the technologies. Each chapter will provide the reader with a basic understanding of the technology in question and the associated financial challenges. In the chapters on hydropower (chapter four) and biomass (chapter five), a financial 'back-of-the-envelope' model is included as well.
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Concentrating Solar Power in Developing Countries : Regulatory and Financial Incentives for Scaling UpConcentrating Solar Thermal power (CST) has a tremendous potential for scaling up renewable energy at the utility level, diversifying the generation portfolio mix, powering development, and mitigating climate change. At present, different CST technologies have reached varying degrees of commercial availability. This emerging nature of CST means that there are market and technical impediments to accelerating its acceptance, including cost competitiveness, an understanding of technology capability and limitations, intermittency, and benefits of electricity storage. Many developed and some developing countries are currently working to address these barriers in order to scale up CST-based power generation. This report: a) analyzes and draws lessons from the efforts of some developed countries and adapts them to the characteristics of developing economies; b) assesses the cost reduction potential and economic and financial affordability of various technologies in emerging markets; c) evaluates the potential for cost reduction and associated economic benefits derived from local manufacturing; and d) suggests ways to tailor bidding models and practices, bid selection criteria, and structures for power purchase agreements (PPAs) for CST projects in developing market conditions. The report also presents a review of typical cost structures for parabolic trough and power tower plants, which was derived from projects developed or under preparation in Spain and the United States specifically for this report, and an in-depth assessment of the respective cost drivers.
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Concentrating Solar Power in
 Developing Countries : Regulatory and Financial Incentives
 for Scaling UpConcentrating Solar Thermal power (CST)
 has a tremendous potential for scaling up renewable energy
 at the utility level, diversifying the generation portfolio
 mix, powering development, and mitigating climate change. At
 present, different CST technologies have reached varying
 degrees of commercial availability. This emerging nature of
 CST means that there are market and technical impediments to
 accelerating its acceptance, including cost competitiveness,
 an understanding of technology capability and limitations,
 intermittency, and benefits of electricity storage. Many
 developed and some developing countries are currently
 working to address these barriers in order to scale up
 CST-based power generation. This report: a) analyzes and
 draws lessons from the efforts of some developed countries
 and adapts them to the characteristics of developing
 economies; b) assesses the cost reduction potential and
 economic and financial affordability of various technologies
 in emerging markets; c) evaluates the potential for cost
 reduction and associated economic benefits derived from
 local manufacturing; and d) suggests ways to tailor bidding
 models and practices, bid selection criteria, and structures
 for power purchase agreements (PPAs) for CST projects in
 developing market conditions. The report also presents a
 review of typical cost structures for parabolic trough and
 power tower plants, which was derived from projects
 developed or under preparation in Spain and the United
 States specifically for this report, and an in-depth
 assessment of the respective cost drivers.