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Improving Energy Efficiency in Craiova, RomaniaThe main impetus for this report (and
 for the reports prepared for the other six growth poles) is
 a request received from the Ministry of Regional Development
 and Public Administration. The request came within the
 context of on-going preparations for the 2014-2020
 Programming period, with Energy Efficiency being one the
 major themes of the Europe 2020 strategy, and a critical
 priority for all EU Member Countries. Within Romania, local
 authorities that will want to access energy efficiency funds
 under the 2014-2020 Regional Operational Program will need
 to first prepare energy efficiency strategies. The TRACE
 tool is specifically targeted at local authorities, and is a
 good instrument for drafting such strategies. After the 1989
 Revolution, Romania began its transition from a centralized
 system to a market-based economy. Today the country is a
 member of the European Union (EU) and NATO. After more than
 a decade of economic restructuring and political change, the
 country has taken significant steps toward catching up with
 the economic performance of more developed EU countries.
 Although radical reforms brought about significant changes
 in recent years, the standard of living of Romanians is
 still behind the EU average. The transition period after the
 end of the communist regime has led to significant changes
 in the social and economic life of the residents of Craiova.
 Some of these developments have positively affected
 people's life, whereas a few came along with
 inconveniences and difficulties. During the first years of
 transition the city attracted people from parts of Dolj
 County and from elsewhere in Romania. This process led to
 severe de-population in the rural areas of Dolj County. At
 the same time, due to economic constraints, some of the
 urban population of Craiova moved to the wider metropolitan
 area. Like every other city in the country, municipal
 buildings in Craiova require proper measures toward
 improving energy efficiency - particularly in health care
 and education facilities managed by the city government. A
 benchmarking of the municipal building stock, along with
 audit and retrofit measures, should be performed in order to
 identify the highest energy savings potential and proper
 intervention measures. As for the water sector, although the
 system covers the entire city and most of the households in
 Craiova have water meters, there are high losses in the
 network. In addition, in order to improve the overall
 efficiency of the water system, oversized pumps needs to be
 replaced with smaller, energy-efficient ones. Finally,
 although selective collection has been implemented in
 Craiova, there is more that can be done about improving
 recycling rates.
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Improving Energy Efficiency in Timisoara, RomaniaThe Tool for Rapid Assessment of City
 Energy (TRACE) is used for conducting rapid assessments of
 energy use in cities. It helps prioritize sectors with
 significant energy savings potential, and identifies
 appropriate energy efficiency interventions across six
 sectors-transport, municipal buildings, water and waste
 water, public lighting, solid waste, and power and heat. It
 is a simple, low-cost, user-friendly, and practical tool
 that can be applied in any socioeconomic setting. This
 report is based on the implementation of the TRACE tool in
 Timisoara in April 2013 and outlines ideas on what the city
 could further do to improve its energy efficiency
 performance. It details the analysis carried out and the
 recommendations derived as a result, for district heating
 maintenance and upgrade, non-motorized transport, public
 transport development, parking restraint measures, municipal
 buildings audit and retrofit, street lighting timing
 program, and active leakage of water and pressure management.
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Improving Energy Efficiency in Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaThe main impetus for this report (and
 for the reports prepared for the other six growth poles) is
 a request received from the Ministry of Regional Development
 and Public Administration. The request came within the
 context of on-going preparations for the 2014-2020
 programming period, with energy efficiency being one the
 major themes of the Europe 2020 strategy, and a critical
 priority for all EU member countries. Within Romania, local
 authorities that will want to access energy efficiency funds
 under the 2014-2020 Regional Operational Program will need
 to first prepare energy efficiency strategies. The TRACE
 tool is specifically targeted at local authorities, and is a
 good instrument for drafting such strategies after the 1989
 Revolution; Romania began its transition from a centralized
 system to a market-run economy. Today the country is a
 member of the European Union (EU) and NATO. After more than
 a decade of economic restructuring and political change, the
 country has taken significant steps to catch up with the
 economic performance of more developed EU countries.
 Although radical reforms brought about significant changes,
 the standard of living of Romanians is still behind the EU
 average. Cluj-Napoca (Cluj) is one of cities where such
 disparities are less pronounced, as the region is more
 developed and prosperous than most regions in the country.
 Cluj has developed quite well in the past few years, and it
 has become one of the most flourishing cities in the
 country, having a good growing potential. At present, the
 city is an important economic center, home to several local
 brands that have become famous nationwide as well as in
 Europe. Moreover, Cluj is known today as the
 'capital' of the IT sector in the country, due to
 an aggressive expansion of this field in recent years.